musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what is the movement pattern in the sagittal plane-transverse axis?
- ->flexion
- ->extension
- ->plantar flexion
- ->dorsi-flexion
what is the movement pattern in the frontal plane- sagittal axis?
- ->abduction
- ->adduction
what is the movement pattern in the transverse plane- longitudinal axis?
–>rotation
what is flexion?
decrease in angle of a joint
what is dorsi flexion?
decrease in the angle of the ankle joint
what is plantar flexion?
increase in the angle of the ankle joint
what is extension?
increase in the angle of a joint
what is abduction?
moving away from the centre line of the body
what is adduction?
movement towards centre line of the body
what is rotation?
movement around a fixed point
what is the fulcrum?
fixed point or pivot
what is the effort?
point where force is applied
what is the load?
point where resistance is coming from
what are the functions of the skeleton?
- ->support
- ->movement
- ->mineral storage
- ->structural shape
- ->protection of vital organs
what are tendons?
attach bone to muscle
what are ligaments?
attach bone to bone
what is an agonist?
muscle that contracts and causes the movement
what is an antagonist?
the muscle that relaxes, allows agonist to contract
what is the formula for mechanical advantage?
Effort arm divided by resistance arm
what is an isotonic contraction?
muscle action where the muscle length changes-causes movement
what is an isometric contraction?
muscle action where the muscle stays the same length
e.g handstand- muscles contract but no movement
what is an isotonic eccentric contraction?
where the muscle lengthens controlling downward movements
e.g. in a squat the quadriceps contract eccentrically to lower the body slowly
what is an isotonic concentric contraction?
where the muscle shortens as it contracts
e.g. bicep curl
What is synovial fluid?
Lubricates the joint and reduces friction
What is cartilage?
Covers the ends of bones providing a friction-free surface
What are long bones?
> Bones of the legs and arms
>help with gross movements and our body weight
What is a ball and socket joint?
Located in the shoulder and hips
Greatest range of movement
What is a hinge joint?
Knee elbow and ankle
Limited movement available
