musculoskeletal system

Question 1

what is the movement pattern in the sagittal plane-transverse axis?

Answer 1

• ->flexion
• ->extension
• ->plantar flexion
• ->dorsi-flexion

Question 2

what is the movement pattern in the frontal plane- sagittal axis?

Answer 2

• ->abduction

- ->adduction

Question 3

what is the movement pattern in the transverse plane- longitudinal axis?

Answer 3

–>rotation

Question 4

what is flexion?

Answer 4

decrease in angle of a joint

Question 5

what is dorsi flexion?

Answer 5

decrease in the angle of the ankle joint

Question 6

what is plantar flexion?

Answer 6

increase in the angle of the ankle joint

Question 7

what is extension?

Answer 7

increase in the angle of a joint

Question 8

what is abduction?

Answer 8

moving away from the centre line of the body

Question 9

what is adduction?

Answer 9

movement towards centre line of the body

Question 10

what is rotation?

Answer 10

movement around a fixed point

Question 11

what is the fulcrum?

Answer 11

fixed point or pivot

Question 12

what is the effort?

Answer 12

point where force is applied

Question 13

what is the load?

Answer 13

point where resistance is coming from

Question 14

what are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 14

• ->support
• ->movement
• ->mineral storage
• ->structural shape
• ->protection of vital organs

Question 15

what are tendons?

Answer 15

attach bone to muscle

Question 16

what are ligaments?

Answer 16

attach bone to bone

Question 17

what is an agonist?

Answer 17

muscle that contracts and causes the movement

Question 18

what is an antagonist?

Answer 18

the muscle that relaxes, allows agonist to contract

Question 19

what is the formula for mechanical advantage?

Answer 19

Effort arm divided by resistance arm

Question 20

what is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 20

muscle action where the muscle length changes-causes movement

Question 21

what is an isometric contraction?

Answer 21

muscle action where the muscle stays the same length

e.g handstand- muscles contract but no movement

Question 22

what is an isotonic eccentric contraction?

Answer 22

where the muscle lengthens controlling downward movements

e.g. in a squat the quadriceps contract eccentrically to lower the body slowly

Question 23

what is an isotonic concentric contraction?

Answer 23

where the muscle shortens as it contracts

e.g. bicep curl

Question 24

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 24

Lubricates the joint and reduces friction

Question 25

What is cartilage?

Answer 25

Covers the ends of bones providing a friction-free surface

Question 26

What are long bones?

Answer 26

> Bones of the legs and arms

>help with gross movements and our body weight

Question 27

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 27

Located in the shoulder and hips

Greatest range of movement

Question 28

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 28

Knee elbow and ankle

Limited movement available