Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is DIP joint?
Distal interphalangeal joint
What is PIP joint?
Proximal interphalangeal joint
What is a Heberden node?
Bony swelling of DIP joints
What is Bouchard’s nodes?
Bony swelling of PIP joints
When do you find Bouchard’s nodes?
Osteoarthritis
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disorder that causes joint issues
Can affect organs and cause gross deformities of joints
Ex: swan-necking
What is a joint?
Where bones come together
What are the some types of joints?
Ball and socket
Hinge joint
Condylar joint
What are bursae?
Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscle over bone and other joint structures
What is a tendon?
Collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone
What is a ligament?
Ropelike bundles of collagen fibers connecting bone to bone
What is cartilage?
A collagen matrix that overlies bony structures
What is bursitis?
Inflammation of bursae
What is osteoarthritis?
Wearing away of cartilage
What are signs of OA?
Pain upon movement
Swelling
Heat
What is it called when two bones rub together?
Crepitus
What is lordosis?
Accentuation of normal lumbar region concavity
What is kyphosis?
A rounded enhanced convexity of the thoracic region vertebrae
What is scoliosis?
A lateral curvature of the spine
How do you test for scoliosis?
Have the person bend over and see if their spine is straight
What should be included in the ROS of the musculoskeletal system?
Any pain? Where? Stiffness? Mobility? Do you take a lot of Advil/Motrin/etc? Any surgeries? Heavy lifting? Does pain/stiffness affect ADLs? What is your occupation?
What should be searched for during inspection?
Deformities
Symmetry
Lesions
Inflammation (red/swollen)
What should be percussed for?
Only spinal processes to elicit pain
What should be palpated for?
Deformities Symmetry Temperature Crepitus Bogginess Pain
What is passive ROM?
ROM with assistance
When should passive ROM be used?
If PT doesn’t come
If they can’t move on their own, ROM should be done on upper and lower extremities
What is carpal tunnel?
Damage of medial nerve
Which fingers are most often affected in carpal tunnel?
Thumb, pointer, and middle finger affected
How is carpal tunnel treated?
Treat with anti-inflammatory, PT, brace, surgery as last resort
