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Health Assessment final > Male/Female genitals, breast, anus, rectum > Flashcards

Male/Female genitals, breast, anus, rectum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common site for breast cancers?

A

Upper outer quadrant

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2
Q

What are the breast lymphatics?

A

Central, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), lateral

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3
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

Increased mass of the breast

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4
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the breast?

A

Sentinel/central lymph nodes

Will likely be biopsied if cancer is in question

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5
Q

What is the Tail of Spence?

A

Piece of breast tissue that goes into axillary region

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6
Q

What are breast exam techniques?

A

Pt sitting, disrobed to waist, arms at side

Also have pt with hands on hips bending forward slightly for inspection

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7
Q

What should one look for when examining for breast cancer?

A 
Dimpling/concavities
Redness
Inflammation
Size and symmetry
Size, shape, direction, rashes,, ulceration, discharge of nipples
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8
Q

What is Peau d’Orange?

A

When the skin of the breast looks like an orange peel - sign of cancer

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9
Q

How does one palpate during the breast exams

A

With pt arms behind head, use pads of first 3 fingers, compress tissue gently, concentric circles
Palpate each nipple and gently compress to check for discharge

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10
Q

What characteristics are important if one finds a nodule?

A 
Location
Size
Shape
Consistency
Movable
Distinctness
Nipple
Lymphadenopathy
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11
Q

When should a clinical breast exam be given?

A

Age 20-39 every 3 years

>40 - yearly along with mammography

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12
Q

What is the cumulative lifetime risk factor for developing breast cancer?

A

1 in 7

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13
Q

What is leukorrhea?

A

Normal discharge from vagina

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14
Q

What are the 3 reasons for a female rectal exam?

A

Check the posterior portion of the uterus
Check the sphincter tone of the rectum
Guaiac testing (testing of stool for blood)

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15
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

When the rectal wall pushes against the vagina
Can cause a fistula
Increases the risk of infection

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16
Q

What to ask for in the ROS?

A 
Menstrual History
Sexual History
Medical/Surgical History
Medication
Any complaints
Last CBE, SBE Compliance, Mammography, Pap smear, digital rectal exam
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17
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

Lack of a period

18
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

Painful periods

19
Q

What is polymenorrhea?

A

Many periods

20
Q

What is the lithotomy position?

A

Both legs in stirrups and shifted down on the table

21
Q

What happens during the internal exam?

A 
Locate the cervix
Assess support of the vaginal wall
Check for cystocele
Check for uterine Prolapse
Check for rectocele
Inspect cervix and os
Pap Smear
Palpate the cervix
Palpate the uterus
Retroversion of the uterus
Palpate each ovary
22
Q

What is smegma?

A

Given off by glans penis - must be washes, or it can develop an infection

23
Q

Which side of the scrotum hangs lower and why?

A

Left because sperm is sensitive to temperature and stays cooler in the environment

24
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

When one testicle doesn’t descend and it’s not in the sac

Can self-correct or requires surgery

25
Q

What is hypospadia?

A

When the urethra is on the underside of the penis

26
Q

What are symptoms of BPH?

A

Increased urination, nocturia, ejaculation problems

27
Q

What are 3 reasons for a male prostate exam?

A

BPH
Guaiac testing
Sphincter tone

28
Q

Which type of hernia is more common in men?

A

Inguinal hernias

29
Q

Which type of hernia is more common in women?

A

Femoral hernias

30
Q

How does one check for a hernia?

A

Put hands in the area and have the pt cough

31
Q

What should one look for during the ROS?

A 
Sexual History
Medical/Surgical History
Medications
Any complaints
Last DRE, PSA blood test
Clinical testicular and breast exam
Self testicular and breast exam Compliance
32
Q

What age is at the highest risk of testicular cancer?

A

15-40

33
Q

What are signs of testicular cancer?

A

Lump
Rapid enlargement/swelling (hydrocele)
Painless mass, but aching in lower abdomen
Shriveling of testicle

34
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Build up of fluid in the scrotum

35
Q

What should you inspect during the male genital exam?

A 
Penis
Foreskin
Smegma
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
Glans; hypospadias
Palpate shaft between thumb and first 2 fingers; feel for induration along ventral surface.
Scrotum
Testicular Cancer
36
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Retraction of the foreskin

37
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Putting foreskin back

38
Q

How do you check for a hydrocele?

A

Transillumination

39
Q

How far should the prostate protrude into the rectum?

A

No more than 1 cm

40
Q

What should you look for during a rectal exam?

A 
Lumps
Ulcers
Inflammation
Rashes
Excoriation
Venereal warts
Herpes
Hemorrhoids, lesions, signs of trauma
Sphincter for tone
Nodules
Irregularities
41
Q

Does gynecomastia increase the risk of breast cancer?

A

No

42
Q

What do you do if you suspect urethritis or inflammation of the Skene’s glands (paraurethral)?

A

Insert index finger into vagina, milk urethra gently from inside outward

Health Assessment final (6 decks)

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