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Health Assessment final > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

Thin membrane that keeps the outer eye and inner portion of the eyelids moist

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2
Q

What is ptosis?

A

When the upper eyelid droops down

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3
Q

What is the palpebral fissure?

A

Opening between the eyelids

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4
Q

Which muscles are responsible for up/down and right/left movement of the eye?

A

4 rectus muscles

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5
Q

Which muscles are responsible upper outer and lower inner movement of the eye?

A

2 oblique muscles

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6
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

To refract light

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7
Q

What is the pathway of light through the eye?

A

Cornea -> pupil -> lenses -> retina

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8
Q

What are rods responsible for?

A

Peripheral vision, dim light

Located all over the eye

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9
Q

What are cons responsible for?

A

Color, acuity, central vision

Clustered together in the center

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10
Q

What is an astigmatism?

A

Abnormality in sight

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11
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

When there’s a build up of pressure to the back of the eye

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12
Q

What is the pathway of aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary body produces -> posterior chamber -> pupil -> anterior chamber

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13
Q

What are crystalline lenses made of?

A

Protein

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14
Q

What is a cataract?

A

When the crystalline lens breaks down and becomes cloudy

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15
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

When the macular region breaks down

Results in trouble seeing colors/vision

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16
Q

What is the sclera?

A

White of the eye

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17
Q

What does the sclera do?

A

Provide protection, structure

Optic nerve attached to this at the back of the eye

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18
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Continuous with sclera, transparent dome shaped window that cover the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber

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19
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Provides most of the eyes optical power

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20
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

Fluid produced by ciliary body that flows from posterior chamber through pupil to anterior chamber

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21
Q

What does aqueous humor do?

A

Controls pressure inside eye

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22
Q

What is the iris?

A

Circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigmented cells

23
Q

What does the iris do?

A

Regulates the light levels inside eye

24
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Center of the iris

Tiny sphincter muscles constrict pupil to light and tiny dilator muscles dilates eye in dim light

25
Q

What is the purpose of the lens?

A

Focus light on the retina

Able to change shape and to adjust to close and distant vision (accommodation)

26
Q

What is the retina?

A

Sensory network that lines the back of the eye

27
Q

What does the retina do?

A

Transforms light impulses to electrical impulses
Impulses travel via optic nerve to cerebral cortex
Here they are transformed into images.

28
Q

Arteries vs veins behind the eye

A 
Arteries:
Light red
Smaller diameter (2/3 less than vein)
Light Reflex: Bright
Veins:
Dark red
Size: larger
Light reflex: less bright or absent
29
Q

What is a tonometer?

A

Instrument used to measure intraocular pressure

30
Q

What occurs in the eye exam?

A 
ROS
Inspection of external structures
Measurement of visual acuity
Determination of visual fields
Evaluation of EOM
Estimation of Intraocular pressure.**
Exploration of Ocular Fundus.**
31
Q

What is included in the ROS?

A 
Onset of problem gradual or sudden?
Problem seeing close work or distance?
Pain or headaches?
Last eye exam?
Glasses or contact lens?
Changes in vision?
32
Q

What to inspect during an external eye exam?

A 
Eyelids: 
Blinking
Lesions
Superficial vascularity
Edema.
Ptosis
Eversion, inversion of lids
Enophthalmos
Exophthalmos
Corneal drying
Palpate for ocular tension.
Lacrimal apparatus
Eyebrows
33
Q

What is Exophthalmos?

A

Bulging eyes

34
Q

What can cause Exophthalmos?

A

Graves disease, hyperthyroidism

35
Q

What is Enophthalmos

A

Sunken eyes

36
Q

What can cause Enophthalmos?

A

Dehydration/malnutrition

37
Q

What is the part of the lacrimal apparatus that’s visible from the outside?

A

Puncta

38
Q

What should you examine for the conjunctiva and sclera?

A 
Palpebral conjunctiva lining the lids and bulbar conjunctiva covering sclera.
Color
Vascular patterns
Nodules
Swelling.
Conjunctivitis
39
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

Gray ring around the iris

40
Q

What is arcus senilis indicative of?

A

High cholesterol

41
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Far-sightedness

42
Q

What is myopia?

A

Near-sightedness

43
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Far-sightedness

44
Q

What tends to occur first: near-sightedness or far-sightedness?

A

Far-sightedness

45
Q

What is a visual field?

A

The entire area seen by an eye when its gaze is fixed on a central point

46
Q

What could lidlag indicate?

A

Problem with CN III or CN VII

47
Q

What is convergence?

A

Putting finger far from eye and have pt tell you when it gets blurry as you slowly move closer to the eye

48
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Eyes sort of look down because extraocular muscles are not strong enough

49
Q

What is fundoscopy?

A

Seeing through pupil and into back of the eye for vessels and optic disc/nerve

50
Q

What is used to check the back of the eye?

A

An ophthalmoscope

51
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

Slight inequality in size of the pupils

52
Q

What is miosis?

A

Constriction of pupils

53
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

Dilation of pupils

Health Assessment final (6 decks)

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