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Health Assessment Jenna > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A 
structure
movement
protection of vital organs
storage of minerals
red blood cell production
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2
Q

what provide movement

A

muscles

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3
Q

what support structure

A

bones

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4
Q

what is continually replacing bone

A

bone

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5
Q

articular cartilage, ligaments, synovial membrane, bursae, tendons

A

joints

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6
Q

move a lot, have fluid

A

synovial joints

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7
Q

do not move

A

non synovial joints (head/spine)

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8
Q

avascular; covers the surfaces of opposing bones

A

cartilage

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9
Q

enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid

A

bursa

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10
Q

bone to bone

A

ligament

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11
Q

muscle to bone

A

tendon

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12
Q

what tears when you twist your ankle

A

ligament

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13
Q

what direction do infants develop

A

head to toe

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14
Q

developmental considerations of an infant

A

c-curve of spine
by 2 months can lift head when prone
should be able to lift infant while holding under arms (should not slip)

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15
Q

_______ are more stronger than ______ until adolescence

A

ligaments are more stronger that bones (result more fractures)

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16
Q

what is more common in childhood?

A

lordosis (extreme cure of spine)

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17
Q

during childhood what is the fastest growing body part?

A

legs

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18
Q

growth in bones occur at _______ until age __ when growth is complete

A

epiphyses; 20

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19
Q

growth plate

A

epiphyses

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20
Q

due to poor posture

A

kyphosis

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21
Q

developmental considerations of adolescents

A

kyphosis due to poor posture
screen for scoliosis
sports-related injuries

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22
Q

one shoulder blade higher than the other due to curve of spine

A

scoliosis

23
Q

C7 T1

A

cervical prominance

24
Q

T7 T8

A

tip of scapula

25
Q

L4

A

tip of pelvis

26
Q

tip of pelvis

A

iliac crest

27
Q

developmental considerations of pregnant woman

A

lordosis in 3rd trimester
waddling gait due to joint elasticity
ligament stretching

28
Q

Developmental Considerations of an older adult

A

decrease in height after age 50 due to kyphosis and thinning of intervertebral discs (lack of H2O)
osteoporosis
marked bony promises(loss of sub q)
arthritic changes..decrease in ROM
increase in muscle spasms at night due to lack of h2o and electrolytes

29
Q

why is kyphosis common in an older adult

A

osteoporosis and thinning of intervertebral discs

30
Q

increased bone reabsorption leads to decrease in bone density

A

osteoporosis

31
Q

loss of muscle mass

A

muscular atrophy

32
Q

what is the most common complaint

A

joint pain

33
Q

pt does ROM

A

active ROM

34
Q

nurse does ROM for pt

A

passive ROM

35
Q

what do we feel for crepitus

A

temporomandibular joint

36
Q

how do we test for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

phalen’s test (outside wrist to wrist) and tinel’s test (compress wrist with fingers) (both will hurt)

37
Q

systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue

A

rheumatoid arthritis

38
Q

noninflammatory localized progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilages and subchondral bone and formation of new bone at joint surfaces

A

osteoarthritis

39
Q

two bones growing/sticking together

A

ankylosing spondylitls

40
Q

decrease in skeletal bone mass..when rate of reabsorption is greater than bone formation

A

osteoporosis

41
Q

swelling from excess fluid in the joint capsule..from rheumatoid arthritis

A

joint effusion

42
Q

inflammation of the bursa

A

bursitis

43
Q

tennis elbow

A

epicondylitis

44
Q

can cause swan neck, boutonniere, and ulnar drift

A

rheumatoid arthritis

45
Q

osteoarthritis causes bony overgrowth in distal interphalagenal joints

A

Heberden nodes

46
Q

osteoarthritis causes bony overgrowth in proximal interphalagenal joints

A

Bouchard nodes

47
Q

gout is normally found in

A

the big toe

48
Q

a build up of uric acid

A

gout

49
Q

straight leg raise can help indicate

A

back pain

50
Q

what is used or swelling in the knee

A

bulge sign

51
Q

infection of the bone

A

osteomyelitis

52
Q

stretching/tearing of a ligament

A

sprain

53
Q

stretching/tearing of a tendon

A

strain

Health Assessment Jenna (8 decks)

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