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AQA Dance AS level > Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Given examples of axial bones.

A

Cranium, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis

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2
Q

Give examples of appendicular bones.

A

Humerus, femur, tibia and the carpals

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3
Q

What is the purpose of long bones? Give an example

A

Long bones act as levers in the body. E.g. tibia and fibula

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4
Q

What is the purpose of short bones? Give an example

A

Short bones allow for lots of movement. E.g. metatarsals

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5
Q

What is the purpose of irregular bones? Give an example

A

Irregular bones are for protection. E.g. vertebrae

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6
Q

What is the purpose of flat bones? Give an example

A

Flat bones allow muscles to slide over them. E.g. scapular

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7
Q

What is the purpose of sesamoid bones? Give an example

A

Sesamoid bones are also for protection. E.g kneecap

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8
Q

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the shoulder blades?

A

Scapular

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9
Q

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the skull?

A

Cranium

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10
Q

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

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11
Q

What is the name of the bone that runs down the centre of the top few ribs?

A

Sternum

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12
Q

What is the name of the bone that runs from your shoulder to elbow?

A

Humerus

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13
Q

Which side of the arm does the radius lie?

A

On the inside of your arm, joins to the thumb.

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14
Q

Which side of the arm does the ulna lie?

A

On the outside of the arm

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15
Q

What is the name of the bones that form or spine?

A

Vertebrae

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16
Q

What is the name of the bone at the bottom of your spine?

A

Sacrum

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17
Q

What is the name give to the bones that form a cage around your lungs?

A

Ribs

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18
Q

What is the name of the bone that covers the front of the knee?

A

Patella

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19
Q

What is the name of the bones in your hand (from wrist to fingertips)?

A

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

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20
Q

What is the name of the bones in your feet (from ankle to toes)

A

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

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21
Q

What is an agonist?

A

The muscles that contract and instigates the action.

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22
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

The muscle that relaxes in order to allow the action to happen.

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23
Q

What are fixators and synergists?

A

The surrounding muscles that are working hard to support and hold the contraction of the agonist.

24
Q

What is meant by the term, reciprocal pairs?

A

As one muscle contracts and shortens, the other partner muscle extends and lengthens.

25
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs down the back of the legs?

A

Hamstrings

26
Q

What is the name of the muscle that is sometimes referred to as your calf?

A

Gastrocnemius

27
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the back of the ankle?

A

Achilles tendon

28
Q

What is the name of the large muscle in your bottom?

A

Gluteus maximus

29
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs up the centre of your back

A

Erector spinae

30
Q

What is the name of the muscle in your back that runs on either side?

A

Latissimus dorsi

31
Q

What is the name of the muscle in the back of your arm?

A

Triceps

32
Q

What is the name of the muscles either side of your neck?

A

Trapezius

33
Q

What is the name of the muscle in your shoulder?

A

Deltoid

34
Q

What is the name of the muscle in the front of your arm?

A

Biceps

35
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the front of the top of the legs?

A

Hip flexor

36
Q

What is the name of the muscle that runs either side of your abdominals?

A

Obliques

37
Q

What is the name of the muscle on the inside of the top of the legs?

A

Adductors

38
Q

What is the name of the muscle on the outside of the top of the legs?

A

Abductors

39
Q

What is the name of the large muscle in the front of the leg?

A

Quadricep

40
Q

What is the name of the muscle at the front of the ankle?

A

Soleus

41
Q

What is the role of the atlas and axis?

A

Allow the action of rotation to happen in the neck

42
Q

What are the names given to the sections of the spine (from top to bottom)

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumber, Sacrum and Coccyx.

43
Q

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the spine?

A

7

44
Q

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic region of the spine?

A

12

45
Q

How many vertebrae make up the lumber region of the spine?

A

5

46
Q

How is the spine used in ballet?

A

Posture of the ballet dancer is erect and so the vertebral column is straight

47
Q

How is the spine used in contemporary?

A

In contemporary the vertebrae are constantly moving. Merce Cunningham= curves, high release, twists and tilts
Martha Graham= contraction, release, high release and spirals.

48
Q

How is the spine used in african dance?

A

In african dance there is lots of rippling of the vertebrae

49
Q

How is the spine used in Irish dance?

A

In Irish dance the spine is kept completely still and held.

50
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendons are designed to withstand tension.

51
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Ligaments connect bone to bone to form a joint. They limit mobility and can prevent certain movements.

52
Q

What is the role of a capsular ligament?

A

Capsular ligaments act as mechanical reinforcements to provide stability.

53
Q

How can you achieve a greater range of motion in your joints? What is the danger with this?

A

Ligaments lengthen when under tension. By stretching, the ligaments will lengthen and gain more movement. If the ligaments become overstretched, a ligament sprain is likely to occur.

54
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Firm tissue, softer and more flexible than bone.

55
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Helps to provide a smooth, slippery surface for when the ends of bone move. It also acts as a shock absorber in the knees.

AQA Dance AS level (17 decks)

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