Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
Given examples of axial bones.
Cranium, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis
Give examples of appendicular bones.
Humerus, femur, tibia and the carpals
What is the purpose of long bones? Give an example
Long bones act as levers in the body. E.g. tibia and fibula
What is the purpose of short bones? Give an example
Short bones allow for lots of movement. E.g. metatarsals
What is the purpose of irregular bones? Give an example
Irregular bones are for protection. E.g. vertebrae
What is the purpose of flat bones? Give an example
Flat bones allow muscles to slide over them. E.g. scapular
What is the purpose of sesamoid bones? Give an example
Sesamoid bones are also for protection. E.g kneecap
What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the shoulder blades?
Scapular
What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the skull?
Cranium
What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the collar bone?
Clavicle
What is the name of the bone that runs down the centre of the top few ribs?
Sternum
What is the name of the bone that runs from your shoulder to elbow?
Humerus
Which side of the arm does the radius lie?
On the inside of your arm, joins to the thumb.
Which side of the arm does the ulna lie?
On the outside of the arm
What is the name of the bones that form or spine?
Vertebrae
What is the name of the bone at the bottom of your spine?
Sacrum
What is the name give to the bones that form a cage around your lungs?
Ribs
What is the name of the bone that covers the front of the knee?
Patella
What is the name of the bones in your hand (from wrist to fingertips)?
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
What is the name of the bones in your feet (from ankle to toes)
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
What is an agonist?
The muscles that contract and instigates the action.
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that relaxes in order to allow the action to happen.
What are fixators and synergists?
The surrounding muscles that are working hard to support and hold the contraction of the agonist.
What is meant by the term, reciprocal pairs?
As one muscle contracts and shortens, the other partner muscle extends and lengthens.
What is the name of the muscle that runs down the back of the legs?
Hamstrings
What is the name of the muscle that is sometimes referred to as your calf?
Gastrocnemius
What is the name of the muscle at the back of the ankle?
Achilles tendon
What is the name of the large muscle in your bottom?
Gluteus maximus
What is the name of the muscle that runs up the centre of your back
Erector spinae
What is the name of the muscle in your back that runs on either side?
Latissimus dorsi
What is the name of the muscle in the back of your arm?
Triceps
What is the name of the muscles either side of your neck?
Trapezius
What is the name of the muscle in your shoulder?
Deltoid
What is the name of the muscle in the front of your arm?
Biceps
What is the name of the muscle at the front of the top of the legs?
Hip flexor
What is the name of the muscle that runs either side of your abdominals?
Obliques
What is the name of the muscle on the inside of the top of the legs?
Adductors
What is the name of the muscle on the outside of the top of the legs?
Abductors
What is the name of the large muscle in the front of the leg?
Quadricep
What is the name of the muscle at the front of the ankle?
Soleus
What is the role of the atlas and axis?
Allow the action of rotation to happen in the neck
What are the names given to the sections of the spine (from top to bottom)
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumber, Sacrum and Coccyx.
How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the spine?
7
How many vertebrae make up the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many vertebrae make up the lumber region of the spine?
5
How is the spine used in ballet?
Posture of the ballet dancer is erect and so the vertebral column is straight
How is the spine used in contemporary?
In contemporary the vertebrae are constantly moving. Merce Cunningham= curves, high release, twists and tilts
Martha Graham= contraction, release, high release and spirals.
How is the spine used in african dance?
In african dance there is lots of rippling of the vertebrae
How is the spine used in Irish dance?
In Irish dance the spine is kept completely still and held.
What is a tendon?
A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendons are designed to withstand tension.
What is a ligament?
Ligaments connect bone to bone to form a joint. They limit mobility and can prevent certain movements.
What is the role of a capsular ligament?
Capsular ligaments act as mechanical reinforcements to provide stability.
How can you achieve a greater range of motion in your joints? What is the danger with this?
Ligaments lengthen when under tension. By stretching, the ligaments will lengthen and gain more movement. If the ligaments become overstretched, a ligament sprain is likely to occur.
What is cartilage?
Firm tissue, softer and more flexible than bone.
What is the function of cartilage?
Helps to provide a smooth, slippery surface for when the ends of bone move. It also acts as a shock absorber in the knees.
