musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

osteoblasts are derived from what?

A

mesenchymal “osteoprogenitor” cells

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2
Q

osteoclasts are derived from what?

A

granulocyte/moncyte

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3
Q

primary idiopathic osteoporosis =

A

senile or postmenopausal

–bone loss = 2 phases: 1st= slow & 2nd = woman speed up

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4
Q

secondary osteoporosis =

A
  • -low dietary calcium/poor assimilation of calcium
  • -endocrine disease = hypogonadism, cushing’s, hyperparathyroidism, hypopituitarism
  • -pregnancy
  • -malabsorption//malnutrition
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5
Q

osteoporosis morphology

A
  • -greatest bone loss is in trabecular bone

- -vertebral bodies, proximal femur & distal radius are most commonly affected

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6
Q

osteoporosis morphology

in woman the vertebral bodies are progressively disabled

A

a) Cod fish vertebrae
b) Schmorl’s nodes
c) Crush fractures

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7
Q

Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone

A

advanced hyperparathyroidism

  • -month-eaten X-rays
  • -“brown tumors”
  • -loss of lamina dura
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8
Q

paget’s disease

A

reabsorbed bone looks “tile-like mosaic”
Stages = hot –> mixed –> cold
–monostotic = 15% ~tibia
–polyostotic = 85%

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9
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of marrow

  • -pyogenic osteomyelitis
    • -STAPH. aureus = adult
    • -H. influenza & B. hemolytic strep = child
  • -severe = necrotic sequestrum surrounded by an involucrum
  • -Brodie’s abscess = small intraosseous abscesses that are “walled off” (tibia & long bones)
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10
Q

tuberculous osteomyelitis

A
  • -grow nodules most common in lungs

- -locations = in spine: POTT’S DISEASE

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11
Q

malignant tumors (primary & secondary)

A

primary = mesenchymal cells
–chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma**, malignant giant cell

secondary = carcinomas

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12
Q

osteosarcoma

A

most common primary bone
Primary = 75% = age 10-25
morphology = codman’s triangle = zone of reactice bone that forms at angle of periosteal reflection

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13
Q

chondrosarcoma

A
  • large bulky masses

- pelvis most common

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14
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

highlt malignany & typically in marrow

commonly associated w/ fever, swelling, anemia

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15
Q

Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

A

clin features = soap bubble appearance

  • 20-55 age
  • majority are benign
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16
Q

Duchenne (muscular dystrophy)

A

X-linked - pelvis & legs
fatal 2-3yrs
mutation in the gene which produces dystrophin

*becker = similar but mild form

17
Q

facioscapulohumeral (muscular dystrophy)

A

autosomal dominant
mild severity
face & shoulders

18
Q

limb girdle

A

autosomal recessive
moderate severity
pelvis & shoulders

19
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

block at the myoneural junction (aka- antibodies stop ACh)

-thymic hyperplasia

20
Q

osteopgenesis imperfecta

A

“brittle bone disease”

  • -osteopenia =thinning of bone
  • -blue sclera -choroid shows thru
  • -hearing loss
  • -small teeth
21
Q

osteppetrosis

A

“marble bones” aka-Albers-Schonberg
–overgrowth or cortex & medullary cavity

  • -malignant pattern = autosomal recessive condition
  • -adult pattern = milder autosomal dominant
22
Q

Achondroplasia

A

abnormality in epiphyseal plates = dwarfism

23
Q

marfan’s syndrome

A

congenital disorder = CT = changes in skeleton, eyes, and cardiovascular system
–due to defect in fibrillin (chromosome 15)

24
Q

rhabdomyolysis =

A

rupture of skeletal muscle