musculoskeletal system Flashcards
osteoblasts are derived from what?
mesenchymal “osteoprogenitor” cells
osteoclasts are derived from what?
granulocyte/moncyte
primary idiopathic osteoporosis =
senile or postmenopausal
–bone loss = 2 phases: 1st= slow & 2nd = woman speed up
secondary osteoporosis =
- -low dietary calcium/poor assimilation of calcium
- -endocrine disease = hypogonadism, cushing’s, hyperparathyroidism, hypopituitarism
- -pregnancy
- -malabsorption//malnutrition
osteoporosis morphology
- -greatest bone loss is in trabecular bone
- -vertebral bodies, proximal femur & distal radius are most commonly affected
osteoporosis morphology
in woman the vertebral bodies are progressively disabled
a) Cod fish vertebrae
b) Schmorl’s nodes
c) Crush fractures
Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone
advanced hyperparathyroidism
- -month-eaten X-rays
- -“brown tumors”
- -loss of lamina dura
paget’s disease
reabsorbed bone looks “tile-like mosaic”
Stages = hot –> mixed –> cold
–monostotic = 15% ~tibia
–polyostotic = 85%
osteomyelitis
infection of marrow
- -pyogenic osteomyelitis
- -STAPH. aureus = adult
- -H. influenza & B. hemolytic strep = child
- -severe = necrotic sequestrum surrounded by an involucrum
- -Brodie’s abscess = small intraosseous abscesses that are “walled off” (tibia & long bones)
tuberculous osteomyelitis
- -grow nodules most common in lungs
- -locations = in spine: POTT’S DISEASE
malignant tumors (primary & secondary)
primary = mesenchymal cells
–chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma**, malignant giant cell
secondary = carcinomas
osteosarcoma
most common primary bone
Primary = 75% = age 10-25
morphology = codman’s triangle = zone of reactice bone that forms at angle of periosteal reflection
chondrosarcoma
- large bulky masses
- pelvis most common
Ewing’s sarcoma
highlt malignany & typically in marrow
commonly associated w/ fever, swelling, anemia
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
clin features = soap bubble appearance
- 20-55 age
- majority are benign