Disorders of immunity

Question 1

B-lymphocytes deficiency

Answer 1

increased chance of Bacterial infection

Question 2

T-lymphocyte deficiency

Answer 2

fungal & viral infections

Question 3

primary deficiency disease =

Answer 3

1) Burton’s diease (male, B-cell system)
2) Thymic aplasia (diGeorge’s syndrome)
- -defective T-cell system
3) Combo immunodeficiency

Question 4

secondary deficiencies =

Answer 4

1) stress = more glucocorticoids
2) latrogenic = result of treatment (too much advil)
3) senescent = age relates loss of immune

Question 5

cross reaction =

Answer 5

when multiple antigens act with an antibody

Question 6

hypersensitivities

Answer 6

type 1 = anaphylactic
type 2 = antibody depend hypersensitivity
type 3 = immune complex injury
type 4 = delayed hypersensitive

Question 7

type 2 (antibody depend hypersensitivity)

Answer 7

1) complement mediated mech
2) antibody dependent cytotoxicity
- -low antibody
3) antireceptor antibodies
- -block cell membrane r/c (ex-graves mimic TSI)

Question 8

type 3 (immune complex injury)

Answer 8

antigens & antibodies

• -serum sickness
• -acute glomerulonephritis
• -systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) *
• -arthus reactions

Question 9

type 4 (delayed hypersensitivity)

Answer 9

cell mediated = skin rashes, contact dermatitis, tuberculosis

Question 10

HLA (human leukocyte antigens)

Answer 10

these are the “flags” that molecules use to signal
MHC = surface protein = major histocompatability antigens
–located on chromosome 6
MHC 1 = on nucleated cells & platelets
MCH 2 = antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, B-cells, active T-cells
MHC 3 = complement system NOT a HLA

Question 11

HLA disease & associations

Answer 11

• -ankylosing spondylitis = HLA-B27
• -B8 = autoimmune disease
• -D2/D3 = lupus
• -D4 = rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

major autoimmune diseases

Answer 12

1) single cell disorders
- -graves, hashimotos, myasthenia
2) multisystemic disorders
- -systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, enthesopathies, scleroderma, sjogrens syndrome

Question 13

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 13

• -chronic inflammation **SKIN, kidney, serosal membrane, joints, heart, CNS
• -young women 90% are 15-35yrs
• -Genetic = no actual “lupus” gene tho. & intrinsic factor
• -proliferation of B cells = inactivated suppressor cells
• -numerous antibodies (well duh if B cells are increased)

–antibuclear antibodies (ANA) =double-strand DNA & the “SMITH antigen” 1/3 pts have this*

Question 14

environmental factors for lupus (SLE)

Answer 14

1) UV light
2) Drugs
3) psoralens = tanning, cosmetics (P for plastics)
4) Estrogen
5) viruses (which (+) B cell production)
6) parasites = hypersensitivity
7) stress

Question 15

classic triad associated with lupus (SLE)

Answer 15

butterfly rash
joint pain
fever

Question 16

causes of death due to SLE

Answer 16

1) immune deficiency
2) glomerular disease
3) CNS disturbances

Question 17

SCLERODERMA

Answer 17

excessive fibrosis!
–elevated Von Willebrand facter
CREST syndrome

Question 18

organ / tissue response of scleroderma

Answer 18

• -skin = raynaud’s phenomenon
• -aligmentary trac= rubbery hose
• -muscles = more kinase = weak
• -kidneys = onion skinning
• -lungs = restrictive lung disease

Question 19

CREST =

Answer 19

Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias (dilated vessels in skin)

Question 20

Mixed connective tissue disease =

Answer 20

combo of lupus, plymyositis, scleroderma

Question 21

fibromyalgia syndrome

Answer 21

morning stiffness, trigger points. often disabling

–young woman who dislike alcohol. LOL

Question 22

polymyositis

Answer 22

inflammatory disease that damages skeletal muscle

• -butterfly rash,, heliotrope eyelids, purple bumps on knuckles
• -affects proximal muscles of extremities (hips, shoulders, neck flexors)
• *spares extra-ocular muscles