musculoskeletal system Flashcards
1
Q
osteogenesis imperfecta
A
- (congenital) hereditary disorders in synthesis of Type I collage wh/ result in defects of bone, ears, joints and teeth
2
Q
osteoporosis def type of disease
A
- absolute decrease in bone mass below level needed to maintain mechanical support
- most common metabolic disease
3
Q
osteomalacia vs. rickets
from
characterized by
who suffers from which and signs
A
metabolic disorder 1. due to Vit D deficiency 2. characterized by inadequate mineralization of bone matrix and decrease in density rickets a. in children b. pigeon breast, lumbar lordosis and bowed legs osteomalacia a. deformities in weight bearing bones
4
Q
osteitis fibrosa cystica
associated with…
what happens
A
metabolic disorder
- associated with advanced hyperparathyroidism
- osteoclastic resorption of bone with fibrous replacement and formation of cysts
5
Q
osteitis deformans def symptom
A
metabolic disorder
- disordered bone remodeling
- most common symptom is unexplained bone fractures (snapping)
6
Q
osteomyelitis
A
bone infection
1. inflammation of bones caused by infectious organism (usually staphyloccous aureus)
7
Q
asymmetric cartilage growth
def
2 common examples
A
when one part of epiphyseal plate grows faster than the other
2 examples- scoliosis and kyphosis
8
Q
3 phases of fracture healing
A
- inflammatory- formation of granulation tissue cells on periphery
- reparative phase- differentiation of pluripotent cells => fibroblasts and osteoblasts (periphery towards center)
- remodeling- reorg and restoration
9
Q
osteoblastic (bone forming) tumors (2)
A
- osteoid osteoma- bengin, painful lesion occurring in diaphyses of long bones in pts under 30
- osteosarcoma- malignant, commonly in femur, tib and humerus
10
Q
OA (4)
A
- most common disease of the joints
- in weight bearing and IP joints
- degenerative rather than inflammatory that is associated with aging but may occur after trauma or infection
- result of degeneration of articular cartilage and associated with slowly progressive joint stiffness
11
Q
RA
cause
def
symptoms
A
- idiopathic, probably autoimmune IgG
- inflammatory, chronic, systemic disease
- symptoms are fatigue, low grade fever and progressively deforming arthritis (claw like hand)
12
Q
ankylsoing spondylitis (3)
A
- formerly classed under RA but are negative for rheumatoid factor
- sacrum and vertebral column localization (ie destroys these joints)
- asymmetric joint involvement
13
Q
gout arthritis
A
- transient but recurrent attacks of arthritis due to precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (known as tophi)
14
Q
duchennes muscular dystrophy
cause
appearance
prognosis
A
- x-linked recessive disease (so males affected, women carriers)- that causes lack of dystrophin- which probably strengthens muscle cells
- muscles appear hypertrophed because replacement by fibrofatty tissue
- death by age 20
15
Q
becker muscular dystrophy (3)
A
- x-linked recessive (so males affected, women carriers)
- milder form of duchennes (dystrophin is less effective form)
- later on-set and normal life span
16
Q
myastenia gravis
what is it
main characteristics
first signs
A
- acquired autoimmune disease (hypersensitive II) where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors in post-synaptic neuromuscular junction
- main characteristics are weakness and extreme muscle fatigue
- usually beings in eyes, ptosis and double vision
