musculoskeletal system

Question 1

functions of skeleton

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, shape and manufacture

Question 2

function- support

Answer 2

bones provide a rigid framework holds the body upright

Question 3

function- protection

Answer 3

the skull protects the brain, vertebrae protect the spinal cord and ribs protect the heart and lungs

Question 4

function- movement

Answer 4

bones provide a system of rigid levers against which muscles can pull

Question 5

function-shape

Answer 5

skeleton determines shape of a person

Question 6

function- manufacture of blood components

Answer 6

bone marrow makes red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 7

what does the axial skeleton consist of

Answer 7

skull rib cage and spine

Question 8

skull

Answer 8

22 fused bones

Question 9

spine

Answer 9

33 vertebrae top 24 are separated by cartilage and can move slightly
bottom 9 are fused together
cervical(neck) 7
thoracic (chest) 12
lumbar(back) 5
sacrum( hip ) 4
coccyx (tail) 4

Question 10

rib cage

Answer 10

12 pairs of ribs attached to the sternum
The first 7 are true ribs attached to the sternum
3 false ribs attached to each other at the front of the chest
2 floating ribs unattached only attached to spine

Question 11

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of

Answer 11

consists of limbs the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 12

pectoral girdle

Answer 12

collarbone (clavicle ) and shoulder blades(scapula) and arms ( humerus radius ulna carpals metacarpals and digits )

Question 13

pelvic girdle

Answer 13

2 halves of the hip joined by a band of cartilage to the sacrum
legs ( femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and digits)

Question 14

cartilage

Answer 14

firm but a fibrous flexible protein called collagen that protects the bone by acting as a shock absorber
lacking in blood vessels so its slower to heal

Question 15

ligaments

Answer 15

strong fibrous slightly elastic tissue that joins bone to bone

Question 16

tendons

Answer 16

strong flexible inelastic fibres that join muscle to bone

Question 17

joints

Answer 17

where two or more bones meet

Question 18

compact bone

Answer 18

composed of calcium phosphate and collagen (protein)
found in the diaphysis of bone and around the epiphysis
gives strength from calcium and flexibility from protein

Question 19

spongy bone

Answer 19

like compact bone but contains hollows separated by bony bars
found in the epiphysis
it gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton
spaces in the spongy bone are filled with red bone marrow

Question 20

bone marrow

Answer 20

red marrow produces blood cells
yellow marrow is inactive and converted to red marrow if needed its found in the medullary cavity

Question 21

skeletal muscle

Answer 21

voluntary
contracts quickly and tires easily
attached to bones

Question 22

smooth muscle

Answer 22

involuntary
found in internal structures -digestive system, bv and bladder

Question 23

cardiac muscle

Answer 23

involuntary
heart muscle

Question 24

antagonistic pair

Answer 24

2 muscles that have opposite effect to each other
bicep (flexor ) and tricep (extensor )

Question 25

bone growth -osteoclast

Answer 25

bone forming cells

Question 26

bone growth -osteoclast

Answer 26

bone-forming cells
they produce collagen and calcium phosphate forms around collagen fibers

Question 27

bone growth- growth plate

Answer 27

causes increases in bone length
cartilage here is constantly being formed and turned into bone (ossified)
inactivation of the plate causes termination of adult height

Question 28

bone development - osteoclasts

Answer 28

bone digesting cells
they digest bone cells in the medullary cavity
osteoblasts and osteoclasts form new bone to replace destroyed bone they work together to enlarge the medullary cavity and thicken the bone in it

Question 29

bone renewal

Answer 29

dependent on physical activity hormones and diet

Question 30

physical activity in reference to bone renewal

Answer 30

it puts stress on bones causing osteoblasts to be stimulated and the bone becomes stronger

Question 31

growth and sex hormone and para thormone in reference to bone renewal

Answer 31

they affect bone development and parathormone removes calcium from the blood

Question 32

arthritis

Answer 32

inflammation of joint caused by cartilage in synovial joint wearing down

Question 33

arthritis prevention

Answer 33

reducing damage to joints , wearing correct footwear

Question 34

rheumatoid

Answer 34

genetic form and most severe form of arthritis the body’s immune system turns on itself -autoimmune disease

Question 35

osteoarthritis

Answer 35

caused by cartilage in synovial joint wearing down the joints become sore or stiff