monera (bacteria)

Question 1

autotrophic

Answer 1

organisms that make their own food

Question 2

photosynthetic

Answer 2

bacteria often have chlorophyll on membranes within the cell

Question 3

chemosynthesis

Answer 3

production of food using energy released from chemical reactions

Question 4

heterotrophic

Answer 4

organisms take in food made by other organisms

Question 5

sapropyhtes

Answer 5

take in their food from dead organic matter they act as decomposers

Question 6

parasites

Answer 6

take in food from a live host and usually cause harm

Question 7

binary fission step 1

Answer 7

DNA strand replicates itself, there are now two identical strands of DNA

Question 8

BF Step 2

Answer 8

the cell elongates with a strand of DNA attached t each end

Question 9

BF step 3

Answer 9

the cell splits into two similar sized cells

Question 10

Endospores

Answer 10

forms when bacterial chromosome replicates the new strands becoming enclosed by aa tough walled endospore formed inside the parent cell
Parent cell then breaks down and endospore can remain dormant for a long time
when conditions suitable the endospore absorbs water and the tough wall breaks down

Question 11

factors affecting bacteria growth

Answer 11

temperature
oxygen concentration
external solute concentration
pH
pressure

Question 12

Temperature

Answer 12

optimum temp 20-30
low temperatures slow down rate of growth

Question 13

oxygen concentration

Answer 13

aerobic bacteria require o2 for respiration
anaerobic bacteria do not
facultiive anerobes can respire with or without o2
obligate anaerobes can only respire in the absence of oxygen

Question 14

external solute concentration

Answer 14

if external solution has higher solute concentration water will move out of the cell. it will become dehydrated and stop working
if external solution has lower solute concentration water will enter the cell but the cell wall will prevent it from bursting

Question 15

pressure

Answer 15

growth is inhibited by high pressures the walls are not strong enough

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

bacteria work at specific pH values can become denatured if outside optimum 7

Question 17

cell wall

Answer 17

made of sugar and protein prevent bacteria from swelling/bursting

Question 18

cell membrane

Answer 18

outside of which is a tough cell wall

Question 19

capsule

Answer 19

extra protection outside wall in the form of a semi solid capsule and slime liquid layer

Question 20

chromosome

Answer 20

1 bacterial chromosome consisting of a circular strand of DNA

Question 21

Plasmid

Answer 21

1 or more small loops of dna that contains genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to anitbiotics and also used in genetic engineering

Question 22

cytoplasm

Answer 22

contains storage granuoles and ribosomes

Question 23

flagella

Answer 23

allow cell to be motile

Question 24

round shaped example

Answer 24

pneumonia/sore throat

Question 25

rod

Answer 25

TB / tetanus

Question 26

spiral

Answer 26

syphillis, cholera

Question 27

Log phase

Answer 27

Increase rapidly
Result of ideal conditions( space,oxygen,food,moisture)

Question 28

Lag phase

Answer 28

Bacterial numbers remain constant

Question 29

Stationary phase

Answer 29

No increase in bacterial numbers
The production of new bacteria is compensated for by the death of equal numbers of bacteria

Question 30

Decline phase

Answer 30

Number of bacteria falls rapidly
Death rate is greater than the production rate

Question 31

Survival phase

Answer 31

Small number of bacteria survive by remaining dormant as spores