endocrine system

Question 1

exocrine

Answer 1

glands release their products into ducts or tubes - salivary and sweat glands

Question 2

endocrine

Answer 2

gland is a ductless gland that produces hormones which are released directly into bloodstream

Question 3

hormone

Answer 3

a chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect

Question 4

pituitary

Answer 4

produces follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
produces growth hormone causes body cells to absorb amino acids and form protein it causes the elongation of bones of the skeleton

Question 5

hypothalamus

Answer 5

• links the nervous and endocrine system
• secretes hormones that control the pituitary gland in response to messages from the brain
  -antidiuretic hormone stored in the pituitary and released when needed.
• ADH causes water to be reabsorbed in the kidney -controls osmoregulation

Question 6

pineal gland

Answer 6

tiny gland in the brain
produces melatonin produced when asleep
involved in ovulation sleep activity patterns and sexual maturity

Question 7

thyroid

Answer 7

h-shaped gland in the trachea in the neck.
produces thyroxine made when an amino acid (tyrosine) combines with iodine
it controls the rate of metabolism

Question 8

thyroxine deficiency symptoms

Answer 8

children- low metabolic rate and retarded mental and physical development - cretinism
adults- reduced metabolic rate presents as tiredness lack of energy weight gain caused by build-up of fluid under skin myxoedema
causes thyroid to swell goitre

Question 9

thyroxine deficiency corrective measures

Answer 9

babies do heel tests to determine low rates of thyroxine that can be administered to prevent cretinism
adults can take thyroxine tablets or iodine to prevent myxoedema

Question 10

thyroxine excess symptoms

Answer 10

increased metabolic rate, bulging eyes, hunger, anxiety -graves disease

Question 11

thyroxine excess corrective measures

Answer 11

surgically removing part of the thyroid or by killing part of the gland using radioactive iodine

Question 12

parathyroid

Answer 12

4 parathyroids embedded in the thyroid gland
makes parathormone which stimulates release of calcium from bones into blood plasma

Question 13

thymus

Answer 13

2 lobes of the thymus gland located behind the breast bone in the upper chest
produces thymosin which causes lymphocytes to mature and become active

Question 14

adrenals

Answer 14

2 glands located on top of kidneys
produce adrenaline
fight/fright/flight hormone
help us respond efficiently to stress

Question 15

pancreas exocrine function

Answer 15

bulk of pancreas cells produce enzymes they flow to duodenum through ducts

Question 16

pancreas endocrine function

Answer 16

contains a group of cells called islets of Langerhans that produce insulin carried by bloodstream

Question 17

insulin

Answer 17

the only hormone that reduces blood glucose levels. causes cells muscle and fat cells to absorb glucose from blood.

Question 18

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