Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Muscul/o
Muscle
Oste/o
Bone
Oss/i
Bone
Osse/o
Bone
Arthr/o
Joint
Articul/o
Joint
my/o
Muscle
myos/o
Muscle
ligament/o
Ligament
syndesm/o
Ligament
tendin/o
Tendon
tend/o
Tendon
ten/o
Tendon
fasci/o
Fascia
(tough fibrous covering of muscles & some nerves and blood vessels)
chondr/o
Cartilage
cartilag/o
Cartilage
hemat/o
Blood
-poiesis
Formation
orth/o
Straight
Ped/o
Child or Foot
-ist
One who specializes
rheumat/o
Watery flow
-logy
Study of
physi/o
Nature
-iatry
Process or treatment
Appendic/o
appendicular
Skelet/o
Skeleton
-cyte
Cell
-blast
Embryonic
-clast
breaking down
myel/o
Bone Marrow, spinal cord
dia-
through
-physis
growth, nature
epi-
above
meta-
Change
peri-
surrounding, around
-um
Structure
endo-
Within
trochanter/o
trochanter
(One of two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs that serve as points of attachment for muscles)
foramin/o
foramen
(An opening or hole)
foss/o
fossa
(A Hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone)
sin/o
Sinus
Sinus/o
Sinus
(A cavity or chanel lined with a membrane)
condyl/o
Condyle
(A rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligaments and articulates with adjacent bones)
Crest
A narrow elongated elevation
epicondyl/o
Epicondyle
(A projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle)
spin/o
Spine
tubercul/o
Tubercle
(A nodule or small raised area)
tuberosity
An elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle
Crani/o
Skull, Cranium
Faci/o
Face
Front/o
Frontal
pariet/o
Parietal
(Bones that form the sides of the cranium)
occipit/o
Occipital
(Bones that form the back of the skull)
tempor/o
Temporal
(Bones on the lower two sides of the cranium)
Mastoid/o
Mastoid
(Posterior part of the bone behind the ear)
Ethmoid/o
Ethmoid
(Roof and walls of the nasal cavity)
Sphenoid/o
Sphenoid
(Anterior to the temporal bones and the basilar part of the occipital bone)
Para-
Near
Nas/o
Nose
-al
Pertaining to
Zygom/o
Zygoma
(Cheekbone)
Zygomat/o
Zygoma
(Cheekbone)
Lacrim/o
Lacrimal
(Paired bones at the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts)
Maxill/o
Maxilla
(Upper jaw bone)
Mandibul/o
Mandible
(Lower jaw bone)
Vomer/o
Vomer
(Bone that forms the posterior/inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils)
Palat/o
Palatine
(Shell shaped structures that make up the roof of the mouth)
Cost/o
Rib
Stern/o
Sternum (breastbone)
Xiph/o
Xiphoid
(Sharp point at the most inferior aspect of the sternum)
Vertebr/o
Vertebra
Spondyl/o
Vertebra
Cervic/o
Neck
Thorac/o
Thorax (Chest)
Lumb/o
Lumbar (lower back)
Sacr/o
Sacrum
Coccyg/o
Coccyx (tail bone)
Scapul/o
Scapula (shoulder blades)
Clavicul/o
Clavicle (collarbone)
Acromi/o
Acromion
Humer/o
Humerus ( upper arm bone)
Radi/o
Radius (lower lateral arm bone parallel to the ulna)
Uln/o
Ulna (lower medial arm bone)
Olecran/o
Olecranon (elbow)
(a proximal projection of the ulna that forms the tip of the elbow)
Carp/o
Carpus (wrist)
Metacarp/o
Metacarpus, Metacarpals (Hand bone)
(One of five bones that form the middle part of the hand)
Phalang/o
Phalanx
(One of the bones that form the fingers of the hand)
Digit/o
Digitus (finger or toe)
Dactyl/o
Digitus (finger or toe)
Pelv/i, pelv/o
Pelvis
ili/o
Ilium
(Superior and widest bone of the pelvis)
ischi/o
Ischium
(The lower portion of the pelvic bone)
Pub/o
Pubis (pubic bone)
(The lower anterior part of the pelvic bone)
femor/o
Femur (thigh bone, upper leg bone)
patell/o, patell/a
Patella (kneecap)
tibi/o
Tibia
(shin bone, lower medial leg bone)
Fibul/o
Fibula
(Smaller, lower lateral leg bone)
Perone/o
Fibula
(Smaller, lower lateral leg bone)
Malleol/o
Malleolus
(Processing the distal ends of the tibia and fibula)
tars/o
Tarsal, tarsus
(One of the seven bones of the ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot)
Calcane/o
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Metatars/o
Metatarsal, metatarsus (foot bone)
(One of five bones between the tarsals and the phalanges)
syn-
Together, joined
-sis
Condition
Synovi/o
Synovial
Burs/o
Bursa, bursea
(Sacs of fluid located between the bones of the joint and the tendons that hold the muscles in place)
Menisc/o
Meniscus, meniscus
(Crescent-shaped cartilage in the knee joint that additionally cushions the joint)
rhabdomy/o
Skeletal muscle
leiomy/o
Smooth muscle
myocardi/o
Heart muscle
-us
Noun ending
bi-
Two
*ceps
Heads
brachi/o
Arm
-i
Plural noun ending
glute/o
Buttock
maxim/o
Large
delt/o
Triangle
-oid
Like
ad-
Toward
duct/o
Carrying
-or
One who
long/o
Long
Stern/o
Breastbone
cleid/o
Collarbone, clavicle
pector/o
Chest
ex-
Out
tens/o
Stretching
-ion
Process of
ab-
Away from
flex/o
Bending
Supination
Turning the palm upward
Pronation
Turning the palm downward
dors/i
Back
plant/o
Sole
Plantar flexion
Lowering the foot; pointing the toes away from the shin
Flexion
Process of decreasing the angle of a joint
Extension
Process of stretching out; increasing the angle of a joint
Abduction
Process of carrying away from the midline
Adduction
Process of carrying toward the midline
Dorsiflexion
Process of bending back
e-
Out
vers/o
Turning
in-
In
re-
Backward
tract/o
Pulling
rot/o
Wheel
-ation
Process of
Rotation
Process of a bone turning on it’s axis (like a wheel)
circum-
Around
amphi-
Both
inter-
Between
intra-
Within
pro-
Forward
-ic
Pertaining to
-eal
Pertaining to
a-
Without
-plasia
Condition of development
dys-
Bad, abnormal
-trophy
Process of nourishment, development
achondroplasia
Disorder of the development of cartilage at the epiphyses of the long bones and skull, resulting in dwarfism.
Muscular dystrophy (MD)
Group of disorders characterized as an inherited progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle without neural development.
poly-
Many, much
-y
Condition
-fida
To split
Occulta
Hidden
tort/i
Twist
coll/o
Neck
-is
Noun ending
Polydactyly
Condition of more than five fingers or toes on each hand or foot
Spina bifida occulta
Congenital malformation of the bony spinal canal without involvement of the spinal cord
syndactyly
Condition of the joining of the fingers or toes, giving them a webbed appearance
Talipes
Deformity resulting in an abnormal twisting of the foot.
Also called clubfoot.
Torticollis
Prolonged congenital or acquired condition that manifests itself as a contraction of the muscles of the neck.
Also called wryneck.
-dynia
Pain
-itis
Inflammation
deformans
misshappen
Osteitis deformans
Misshaped bone resulting from excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.
Also known as Pager disease
-malacia
Softening
por/o
Passage
-penia
Deficiency
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation and/or infection of the bone and bone marrow
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone caused by loss of minerals from the bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency.
When osteomalacia occurs in childhood it’s called rickets.
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures.
Osteopenia
A less severe bone mass loss than osteoporosis
cyst/o
Sac, bladder
bunion/o
Bunion
-drome
To run
crepit/o
Crackling
-us
Thing
Phyt/o
Growth, nature
-algia
Pain
scler/o
Hard
derm/o
Skin
System/o
System
erythemat/o
Red
-osus
Noun ending
Ankyl/o
Stiffening
Kyph/o
Round back
Lord/o
Swayback
scoli/o
Curvature
-listhesis
Slipping
-osis
Abnormal condition
-ago
Disease
con-
Together
-ure
Condition
fibr/o
Fiber
-sthenia
Condition of strength
gravis
Severe
post-
After
-ectomy
Removal
rhabdomy/o
Striated muscle
-lysis
Breakdown, destruction
-oma
Tumor, mass
-sarcoma
Connective tissue cancer
-graphy
Process of recording
-scopy
Process of viewing
Tom/o
Section
electr/o
Electricity
-gram
Record, recording
X-ray
Radiograph
(Imaging technique using electromagnetic radiation for recording internal structures)
goni/o
Angle
-metry
Process of measuring
-oid
Resembling
-centesis
Surgical puncture
-desis
Binding
-plasty
Surgical repair
-rrhaphy
Suture
-clasis
Intentional breaking
prosth/o
Addition
-is
Thing
A
Action
C1-C7
First cervical through seventh cervical vertebrae
CR
Closed reduction
CREF
closed reduction external fixation
CT
computed tomography
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
DEXA
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
DIP
distal interphalangeal
DJD
degenerative joint disease
EF
external fixation
EMG
electromyography
FX, #
fracture
I
insertion
IF
Internal fixation
L1-L5
first lumbar through fifth lumbar vertebrae
MD
muscular dystrophy
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
NSAID
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
O
Origin
OA
Osteoarthritis
OR
open reduction
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
PIP
proximal interphalangeal
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RF
rheumatoid factor
ROM
range of motion
S1-S5
first sacral through fifth sacral segments
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
T1-T12
first thoracic through twelfth thoracic vertebrae
THR
total hip replacement
TKR
total knee replacement
synarthrosis
Immoveable joints held together by fibrous cartilaginous tissue. (e.g., suture lines of the skull)
No ROM
Amphiarthrosis
Joints joined together by cartilage that are slightly moveable. (e.g., vertebrae of the spine or the public bones)
Limited ROM
Diarthrosis
Joints that have free movement; ball and socket and hinge joints.
(e.g., hip, knees)
gnath/o
jaw
Sprain
Traumatic injury to a joint involving the ligaments. Swelling, pain, and discoloration may be present.
Strain
Overuse or overstretching of a muscle or tendon.
Dislocation
A bone completely out of it’s place in a joint
Subluxation
Bone is partially out of a joint
