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NAT 307 Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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2
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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3
Q

Oss/i

A

Bone

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4
Q

Osse/o

A

Bone

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5
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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6
Q

Articul/o

A

Joint

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7
Q

my/o

A

Muscle

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8
Q

myos/o

A

Muscle

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9
Q

ligament/o

A

Ligament

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10
Q

syndesm/o

A

Ligament

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11
Q

tendin/o

A

Tendon

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12
Q

tend/o

A

Tendon

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13
Q

ten/o

A

Tendon

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14
Q

fasci/o

A

Fascia

(tough fibrous covering of muscles & some nerves and blood vessels)

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15
Q

chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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16
Q

cartilag/o

A

Cartilage

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17
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood

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18
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

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19
Q

orth/o

A

Straight

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20
Q

Ped/o

A

Child or Foot

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21
Q

-ist

A

One who specializes

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22
Q

rheumat/o

A

Watery flow

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23
Q

-logy

A

Study of

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24
Q

physi/o

A

Nature

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25
Q

-iatry

A

Process or treatment

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26
Q

Appendic/o

A

appendicular

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27
Q

Skelet/o

A

Skeleton

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28
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

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29
Q

-blast

A

Embryonic

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30
Q

-clast

A

breaking down

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31
Q

myel/o

A

Bone Marrow, spinal cord

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32
Q

dia-

A

through

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33
Q

-physis

A

growth, nature

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34
Q

epi-

A

above

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35
Q

meta-

A

Change

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36
Q

peri-

A

surrounding, around

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37
Q

-um

A

Structure

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38
Q

endo-

A

Within

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39
Q

trochanter/o

A

trochanter

(One of two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs that serve as points of attachment for muscles)

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40
Q

foramin/o

A

foramen

(An opening or hole)

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41
Q

foss/o

A

fossa

(A Hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone)

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42
Q

sin/o

A

Sinus

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43
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus

(A cavity or chanel lined with a membrane)

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44
Q

condyl/o

A

Condyle

(A rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligaments and articulates with adjacent bones)

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45
Q

Crest

A

A narrow elongated elevation

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46
Q

epicondyl/o

A

Epicondyle

(A projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle)

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47
Q

spin/o

A

Spine

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48
Q

tubercul/o

A

Tubercle

(A nodule or small raised area)

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49
Q

tuberosity

A

An elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle

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50
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull, Cranium

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51
Q

Faci/o

A

Face

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52
Q

Front/o

A

Frontal

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53
Q

pariet/o

A

Parietal

(Bones that form the sides of the cranium)

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54
Q

occipit/o

A

Occipital

(Bones that form the back of the skull)

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55
Q

tempor/o

A

Temporal

(Bones on the lower two sides of the cranium)

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56
Q

Mastoid/o

A

Mastoid

(Posterior part of the bone behind the ear)

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57
Q

Ethmoid/o

A

Ethmoid

(Roof and walls of the nasal cavity)

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58
Q

Sphenoid/o

A

Sphenoid

(Anterior to the temporal bones and the basilar part of the occipital bone)

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59
Q

Para-

A

Near

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60
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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61
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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62
Q

Zygom/o

A

Zygoma

(Cheekbone)

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63
Q

Zygomat/o

A

Zygoma

(Cheekbone)

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64
Q

Lacrim/o

A

Lacrimal

(Paired bones at the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts)

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65
Q

Maxill/o

A

Maxilla

(Upper jaw bone)

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66
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Mandible

(Lower jaw bone)

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67
Q

Vomer/o

A

Vomer

(Bone that forms the posterior/inferior part of the nasal septal wall between the nostrils)

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68
Q

Palat/o

A

Palatine

(Shell shaped structures that make up the roof of the mouth)

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69
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

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70
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum (breastbone)

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71
Q

Xiph/o

A

Xiphoid

(Sharp point at the most inferior aspect of the sternum)

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72
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

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73
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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74
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

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75
Q

Thorac/o

A

Thorax (Chest)

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76
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lumbar (lower back)

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77
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

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78
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tail bone)

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79
Q

Scapul/o

A

Scapula (shoulder blades)

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80
Q

Clavicul/o

A

Clavicle (collarbone)

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81
Q

Acromi/o

A

Acromion

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82
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus ( upper arm bone)

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83
Q

Radi/o

A

Radius (lower lateral arm bone parallel to the ulna)

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84
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna (lower medial arm bone)

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85
Q

Olecran/o

A

Olecranon (elbow)

(a proximal projection of the ulna that forms the tip of the elbow)

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86
Q

Carp/o

A

Carpus (wrist)

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87
Q

Metacarp/o

A

Metacarpus, Metacarpals (Hand bone)

(One of five bones that form the middle part of the hand)

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88
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanx

(One of the bones that form the fingers of the hand)

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89
Q

Digit/o

A

Digitus (finger or toe)

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90
Q

Dactyl/o

A

Digitus (finger or toe)

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91
Q

Pelv/i, pelv/o

A

Pelvis

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92
Q

ili/o

A

Ilium

(Superior and widest bone of the pelvis)

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93
Q

ischi/o

A

Ischium

(The lower portion of the pelvic bone)

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94
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis (pubic bone)

(The lower anterior part of the pelvic bone)

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95
Q

femor/o

A

Femur (thigh bone, upper leg bone)

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96
Q

patell/o, patell/a

A

Patella (kneecap)

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97
Q

tibi/o

A

Tibia

(shin bone, lower medial leg bone)

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98
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula

(Smaller, lower lateral leg bone)

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99
Q

Perone/o

A

Fibula

(Smaller, lower lateral leg bone)

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100
Q

Malleol/o

A

Malleolus

(Processing the distal ends of the tibia and fibula)

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101
Q

tars/o

A

Tarsal, tarsus

(One of the seven bones of the ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot)

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102
Q

Calcane/o

A

Calcaneus (heel bone)

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103
Q

Metatars/o

A

Metatarsal, metatarsus (foot bone)

(One of five bones between the tarsals and the phalanges)

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104
Q

syn-

A

Together, joined

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105
Q

-sis

A

Condition

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106
Q

Synovi/o

A

Synovial

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107
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa, bursea

(Sacs of fluid located between the bones of the joint and the tendons that hold the muscles in place)

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108
Q

Menisc/o

A

Meniscus, meniscus

(Crescent-shaped cartilage in the knee joint that additionally cushions the joint)

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109
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

Skeletal muscle

110
Q

leiomy/o

A

Smooth muscle

111
Q

myocardi/o

A

Heart muscle

112
Q

-us

A

Noun ending

113
Q

bi-

A

Two

114
Q

*ceps

A

Heads

115
Q

brachi/o

A

Arm

116
Q

-i

A

Plural noun ending

117
Q

glute/o

A

Buttock

118
Q

maxim/o

A

Large

119
Q

delt/o

A

Triangle

120
Q

-oid

A

Like

121
Q

ad-

A

Toward

122
Q

duct/o

A

Carrying

123
Q

-or

A

One who

124
Q

long/o

A

Long

125
Q

Stern/o

A

Breastbone

126
Q

cleid/o

A

Collarbone, clavicle

127
Q

pector/o

A

Chest

128
Q

ex-

A

Out

129
Q

tens/o

A

Stretching

130
Q

-ion

A

Process of

131
Q

ab-

A

Away from

132
Q

flex/o

A

Bending

133
Q

Supination

A

Turning the palm upward

134
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the palm downward

135
Q

dors/i

A

Back

136
Q

plant/o

A

Sole

137
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Lowering the foot; pointing the toes away from the shin

138
Q

Flexion

A

Process of decreasing the angle of a joint

139
Q

Extension

A

Process of stretching out; increasing the angle of a joint

140
Q

Abduction

A

Process of carrying away from the midline

141
Q

Adduction

A

Process of carrying toward the midline

142
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Process of bending back

143
Q

e-

A

Out

144
Q

vers/o

A

Turning

145
Q

in-

A

In

146
Q

re-

A

Backward

147
Q

tract/o

A

Pulling

148
Q

rot/o

A

Wheel

149
Q

-ation

A

Process of

150
Q

Rotation

A

Process of a bone turning on it’s axis (like a wheel)

151
Q

circum-

A

Around

152
Q

amphi-

A

Both

153
Q

inter-

A

Between

154
Q

intra-

A

Within

155
Q

pro-

A

Forward

156
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

157
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

158
Q

a-

A

Without

159
Q

-plasia

A

Condition of development

160
Q

dys-

A

Bad, abnormal

161
Q

-trophy

A

Process of nourishment, development

162
Q

achondroplasia

A

Disorder of the development of cartilage at the epiphyses of the long bones and skull, resulting in dwarfism.

163
Q

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Group of disorders characterized as an inherited progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle without neural development.

164
Q

poly-

A

Many, much

165
Q

-y

A

Condition

166
Q

-fida

A

To split

167
Q

Occulta

A

Hidden

168
Q

tort/i

A

Twist

169
Q

coll/o

A

Neck

170
Q

-is

A

Noun ending

171
Q

Polydactyly

A

Condition of more than five fingers or toes on each hand or foot

172
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

Congenital malformation of the bony spinal canal without involvement of the spinal cord

173
Q

syndactyly

A

Condition of the joining of the fingers or toes, giving them a webbed appearance

174
Q

Talipes

A

Deformity resulting in an abnormal twisting of the foot.

Also called clubfoot.

175
Q

Torticollis

A

Prolonged congenital or acquired condition that manifests itself as a contraction of the muscles of the neck.

Also called wryneck.

176
Q

-dynia

A

Pain

177
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

178
Q

deformans

A

misshappen

179
Q

Osteitis deformans

A

Misshaped bone resulting from excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.

Also known as Pager disease

180
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

181
Q

por/o

A

Passage

182
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

183
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation and/or infection of the bone and bone marrow

184
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone caused by loss of minerals from the bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency.

When osteomalacia occurs in childhood it’s called rickets.

185
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures.

186
Q

Osteopenia

A

A less severe bone mass loss than osteoporosis

187
Q

cyst/o

A

Sac, bladder

188
Q

bunion/o

A

Bunion

189
Q

-drome

A

To run

190
Q

crepit/o

A

Crackling

191
Q

-us

A

Thing

192
Q

Phyt/o

A

Growth, nature

193
Q

-algia

A

Pain

194
Q

scler/o

A

Hard

195
Q

derm/o

A

Skin

196
Q

System/o

A

System

197
Q

erythemat/o

A

Red

198
Q

-osus

A

Noun ending

199
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiffening

200
Q

Kyph/o

A

Round back

201
Q

Lord/o

A

Swayback

202
Q

scoli/o

A

Curvature

203
Q

-listhesis

A

Slipping

204
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

205
Q

-ago

A

Disease

206
Q

con-

A

Together

207
Q

-ure

A

Condition

208
Q

fibr/o

A

Fiber

209
Q

-sthenia

A

Condition of strength

210
Q

gravis

A

Severe

211
Q

post-

A

After

212
Q

-ectomy

A

Removal

213
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

Striated muscle

214
Q

-lysis

A

Breakdown, destruction

215
Q

-oma

A

Tumor, mass

216
Q

-sarcoma

A

Connective tissue cancer

217
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

218
Q

-scopy

A

Process of viewing

219
Q

Tom/o

A

Section

220
Q

electr/o

A

Electricity

221
Q

-gram

A

Record, recording

222
Q

X-ray

A

Radiograph

(Imaging technique using electromagnetic radiation for recording internal structures)

223
Q

goni/o

A

Angle

224
Q

-metry

A

Process of measuring

225
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

226
Q

-centesis

A

Surgical puncture

227
Q

-desis

A

Binding

228
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair

229
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Suture

230
Q

-clasis

A

Intentional breaking

231
Q

prosth/o

A

Addition

232
Q

-is

A

Thing

233
Q

A

A

Action

234
Q

C1-C7

A

First cervical through seventh cervical vertebrae

235
Q

CR

A

Closed reduction

236
Q

CREF

A

closed reduction external fixation

237
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

238
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

239
Q

DEXA

A

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

240
Q

DIP

A

distal interphalangeal

241
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease

242
Q

EF

A

external fixation

243
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

244
Q

FX, #

A

fracture

245
Q

I

A

insertion

246
Q

IF

A

Internal fixation

247
Q

L1-L5

A

first lumbar through fifth lumbar vertebrae

248
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

249
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

250
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

251
Q

O

A

Origin

252
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

253
Q

OR

A

open reduction

254
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

255
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal

256
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

257
Q

RF

A

rheumatoid factor

258
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

259
Q

S1-S5

A

first sacral through fifth sacral segments

260
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

261
Q

T1-T12

A

first thoracic through twelfth thoracic vertebrae

262
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

263
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

264
Q

synarthrosis

A

Immoveable joints held together by fibrous cartilaginous tissue. (e.g., suture lines of the skull)

No ROM

265
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Joints joined together by cartilage that are slightly moveable. (e.g., vertebrae of the spine or the public bones)

Limited ROM

266
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Joints that have free movement; ball and socket and hinge joints.
(e.g., hip, knees)

267
Q

gnath/o

A

jaw

268
Q

Sprain

A

Traumatic injury to a joint involving the ligaments. Swelling, pain, and discoloration may be present.

269
Q

Strain

A

Overuse or overstretching of a muscle or tendon.

270
Q

Dislocation

A

A bone completely out of it’s place in a joint

271
Q

Subluxation

A

Bone is partially out of a joint

NAT 307 Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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