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Z - AET 261 > Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture

A

partial or complete break or disruption in a bone
- can cause hypovolemic shock if there is an associated hemorrhage

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2
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint
- Close prox. to vessels + nerves = increase risk

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3
Q

Sprain

A

Partial or complete tearing of ligaments + other tissues at a join
- typically not associated w/ emergency (3rd can be)

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4
Q

Strain

A

stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon
- not associated w/ an emergency

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5
Q

closed fracture

A

skin not disrupted at # site

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6
Q

open fracture

A

skin is open/broken at # site

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7
Q

complete fracture

A

discontinuity btwn 2+ bone fragments

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8
Q

incomplete fracture

A

bone is not broken all the way through

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9
Q

complicated fracture

A

broken bone has injured internal organ
- muscular, ligamentous, intra-articular, neurovascular and visceral issues

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10
Q

uncomplicated fracture

A

a fracture that has only a minimal amount of soft tissue injury.

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11
Q

Occult

A

is not visibly demonstrated, but is suspected based on clinical examination

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12
Q

MSK s/s

A

pain
swelling
deformity
discoloration
inability to use affected part (or unwillingness)

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13
Q

fracture s/s

A

significant deformity, crepitus, snap/pop sound at time of injury, MOI is severe trauma, mod-severe swelling and discoloration, unable to move body part

bone protruding out, loss of sensation/circ in extremity, cool to touch, pelvic, tibia, humerus or femoral # = s/s for RTD

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14
Q

Principle of Care for MSK injuries

A

Protect (crutches)
Optimal Loading (massage, strength, and mobilization)
Ice (10 mins max) Compression (helps lymph vessels)
Elevation (reduce swelling)

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15
Q

Emergency Care for MSK injuries

A
  • O2 as needed (based on breathing, skin, SpO2)
  • control open wound bleeds
  • immobilize in position found
  • elevate if not cause further injury
  • ice for 20min unless distal circ is impaired
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16
Q

Immobilizing MSK injuries purpose

A

-decrease risk of pain, hemorrhage, potential circ loss
-prevent further damage and closed # from opening

stable/support = feel better = decrease shock risk

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17
Q

Call EMS for MSK injuries when…

A

Impaired walking/breaking
multiple major MSKs suspected
Loss of circulation +/or sensation
Severe bleeding
Involves spine/skull

18
Q

upper extremity injuries

A

most common MOI is FOOSH
- min mvmnt, immobilize, support
- PS checks before and after splint
- patient holding arm against body (Dont Move)

19
Q

Shoulder injuries

A

clavicle (most common), scapular, humerus

20
Q

Clavicular Injuries

A

15% lateral, 80% middle (sticks out most), 5% medial
- most frequently broken, often due to a fall
- C/O pain in shoulder radiate to arm
- holds arm to chest

  • triangle bandage, 4S, sling and swathe, tubular sling
21
Q

Acromioclavicular Separation

A

dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
6 grades of ligament sprains

22
Q

shoulder dislocation

A

glenohumeral dislocation or subluxation

  • post.: humerus head behind scapula and prominent coracoid; hold in add and IR
  • ant: see humeral head and divot; hold abd and ER
23
Q

General treatment for shoulder injuries

A
  • Position of comfort
  • fill any holes
  • sling & swathe is most effective
  • PS before & after
    Apply ice
  • Treat for shock
24
Q

humeral fracture

A
  1. surgical neck
  2. mid-shaft
  3. supracondylar
  • noticeable deformity and damage vessels + nerves if moved
  • control external bleeding + immobilize arm from the shoulder to wrist
25
Q

humeral fracture treatment

A
  • sling and swathe
  • short board or commercial splint for more stability
  • PS before and after splint
  • ice
  • shock treatment
26
Q

elbow injuries

A
  • sprains, #s, dislocations
  • be aware of proximity to nerves/blood vessels (median nerve and brachial artery)
27
Q

elbow dislocation

A
  • elbow locked in flexed position
  • ant: see condyles, not olecranon fossa
  • post: see olecranon fossa
28
Q

elbow injury treatment

A
  • do not move elbow joint
  • splint from shoulder to hands in position found
  • sling and swathe, ice, treat for shock, and PS before/after
29
Q

Forearm, Wrist + Hand Injuries

A
  • # of the ulnar and radius (common together)
  • can appear in an “S” shape (dinner fork)
  • Radial artery and nerves (hemorrhage or loss of movement)
30
Q

Treatment of Forearm, Wrist + hand

A
  • control external bleeding
  • immobilization
  • soft splint to immobilize hand
  • buddy tape fingers
    -PS before/after
31
Q

Wrist-hand position of function

A

Have to place something in the hand (roll of gauze) in order to keep it in a position of function

32
Q

Fractures of the Humorous

A

-Close prox to femoral artery = Life-threatening
- limb may appear shorter fo to contracture of muscles

33
Q

Fracture vs Dislocation

A
  • limb appears shorter
    dislocated = internally rotated
34
Q

Posterior vs anterior hip dislocations

A

Anterior = externally rotated, abducted
Posterior = flexed, internally rotated, adducted

35
Q

treatment for femoral fracture

A
  • Mid-shaft # = immobilize from axilla-foot
  • Femoral # w/ no PS = traction splint
  • can cause serious internal bleeding
  • shock: monitor BP, SpO2
  • check + re-check PS
  • Ice, RTD
36
Q

patella dislocation

A

dislocated laterally
- hams and quads muscle guard into flexed position (fill cap when splinting)
- (first time) call EMS even if it still goes back in place

37
Q

Knee injury treatments

A
  • control external bleeds, wrap w figure 8
  • if knee can ext, splint in ext; if not in position found
  • ice, RTD, shock
38
Q

Ankle and foot injuries

A

sprains, strains, fractures
- **pain, swell, unable walk 4 steps = red flag
- apply Ottawa Ankle Rules (for 18yrs and older)

39
Q

ankle and foot injury treatment

A

control bleeding, ice (20 minutes max), shock, immobilize, elevate

40
Q

types of splints and principles

A

rigid (ex: speed splint)
anatomic (ex: tie legs together)
soft (ex: pillows w triangle bandages)
traction (prox femur #; no more 30lbs and 10%BW)

  • include joints above and below injured cites (rule of 1/3s)

Z - AET 261 (6 decks)

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