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NPTE Scorebuilders- MUSCULOSKELETAL > Musculoskeletal IV- Pathologies > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal IV- Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Achilles tendonitis snapshot

A
  • repetitive overuse disorder resulting in microscopic tears of collagen fibers on the surface or in the substance of the achilles tendon
  • tendon most often impacted in an avascular zone located two to six centimeters above the insertion of the tendon
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2
Q

Achilles tendonitis etiology

A
  • overload of tendon often caused by changes in training intensity or faulty technique
  • limited flaxibility and strength in gastroc and soleus complex and/or pronated or cavus foot are at increased risk
  • activities fx associated- running, basketball, gymnastics, and dancing
  • history of increased chance of tendon rupture later in life
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3
Q

Achilles tendonitis s/s

A
  • aching or burning in the posterior heel, tenderness of achilles tendon, pain with increased activity, swelling and thickening in the tendon area, muscle weakness due to pain, morning stiffness
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4
Q

Achilles tendonitis tx

A
  • Initially RICE, and anagesics as needed
  • heel lift and cross training may be used to limit the amount of tensile loading through the tendon
  • prevention includes heel cord stretching, use of appropriate solft soled footwear, eccentric strengthening or gastroc and soleus, and avoid sudden changes to exercise intensity
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5
Q

Adhesive capsulitis snapshot

A
  • results in loss of ROM in active and passive shoulder motion due to soft tissue contracture
  • condition causes by adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the capsule, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid
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6
Q

Adhesive capsulitis etiology

A
  • onset may be related to a direct injury to the shoulder or may begin insidiously
  • peak incidence occurs in individuals between 40 and 60 years of age with females more affected than males
  • increased risk with diabetes
  • self-limiting and typically resolves in 1-2 years
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7
Q

Adhesive capsulitis s/s

A
  • incidious onset of localized pain often extending down the arm, subjective reports of stiffness, night pain, restricted ROM in a capsular pattern
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8
Q

Adhesive capsulitis tx

A
  • focus of treatment is increasing ROM with glenohumeral mobilization, range of motion exercises, and palliative modalities
  • avoid overstretching and elevating pain since can result in further loss of motion
  • can have suprascapular nerve block and closed manipulation under anasthesia
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9
Q

ACL sprain snapshot

A
  • ACL runs from anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch
  • ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur
  • the extent of he sprain is classified according to extent of ligament damage
    • grade 1=microscopic tears
    • grade 3=completely torn
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10
Q

ACL etiology

A
  • noncontact twisting injury
    • associated with hyperextension, varus or valgus stress to the knee
  • ACL sprain often invoves injury to other knee structures such as medial capsule, MCL, and menisci
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11
Q

ACL s/s

A
  • patient may report a loud pop or feeling the knee “giving way” or “buckling” followed by dizziness, sweating, and swelling
  • ST- anterior drawer, lachman, lateral pivot shift
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12
Q

ACL tx

A
  • Initially RICE, NSAIDs, and analgesics as needed
  • Conservative includes:
    • LE strengthening emphasizing quads and hamstrings.
  • Surgery often warranted for complete ACL tear (grade III)
    • intra articular reconstruction using patellar tendon, iliotibial band, or hamstring tendon
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13
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia snapshot

A
  • AKA developmental dysplasia
  • condition characterized by malalginment of the femoral head within the acetabulum
  • develops during late trimester in utero
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14
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia etiology

A
  • cultural predisposition, malposition of utero, environmental and genetic influences
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15
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia s/s

A
  • clinical presentation includes
    • asymmetrical hip abduction with tightness and apparent femoral shortening of the involved side
  • testing for this condition may include the Ortolani’s test, Barlo’s test, and Diagnostic ultrasound
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16
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia tx

A
  • focus of treatment is dependent on age, severity, and initial attempts to reposition the femoral head within the acetabulum through the constant use of a harness, bracing, splinting or traction
  • PT may be indicated after cast removal for stretching, strengthening, and caregiver education
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17
Q

Congenital limb deficiencies snapshot

A
  • malformation that occurs in utero, secondary to an altered developmental course
  • classified as longitudinal or transverse
    • longitudinal refers to a reduction or absence of an element or elements within the long axis of the bone
    • transverse limb deficiency refers to a limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist
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18
Q

Congenital limb deficiencies etiology

A
  • majority ae idiopathic or are genetic in origin
  • others include poor blood supply, constricting amniotic bands, infection, and maternal drug exposure
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19
Q

Congenital limb deficiencies s/s

A
  • structural or acquired abnormality of a limb, phantom limb pain
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20
Q

Congenital limb deficiencies tx

A

the focus of treatment is on symmetrical movements, strengthening, range of motion, weight bearing activities, and prosthetic training when appropriate

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21
Q

Congenital torticollis snapshot

A
  • “wry neck”
  • chracterized by unilateral contacture of the SCM muscle
  • condition is most often identified in the first two months of life
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22
Q

Congenital torticollis etiology

A
  • cause is unknown
  • may be associated with malpositioning in utero and birth trauma
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23
Q

Congenital tortocollis s/s

A
  • lateral cervical flexion to the same side as the contracture, rotation toward the opposite side, and facial asymmetries
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24
Q

Congenital torticollis tx

A
  • initially, conservative tx with emphasis on stretching, AROM, positioning, and caregive education
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25
Q

Glenohumeral instability snapshot

A
  • refers to excessive translation of the humeral head on the glenoid during active rotation
  • involved varying degrees of injuries to dynamic and static structures that function to contain the humeral head in the glenoid
  • subluxation refers to joint laxity, allowing more than 50% of the humeral head to passively translate over the glenoid rim without dislocation
  • dislocation is complete seperation of the articular surfaces of the glenoid and the humeral head
  • approx 85% of disocations detach the glenoid labrum (ie Bankart lesion)
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26
Q

Glenohumeral instability etiology

A
  • combination of forces stress the anterior capsule, GH ligament, and RC, causing the humerus to move anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa
  • ant disloc is the most common and usually assoc with shoulder ABD and ER
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27
Q

Glenohumeral instability s/s

A
  • subluxation-
    • feeling the shoulder “popping” out and back into place, pain, paresthesias, sensation of the arm feeling “dead”, positive apprehension test, capsular tenderness, swelling
  • dislocation-
    • severe pain, parethesias, limited ROM, weakness, visible shoulder fullness, arm supported by contralateral limb
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28
Q

Glenohumeral instability tx

A
  • initial mobilization with a sling for 3-6 weeks
  • RICE and NSAIDs often in early phase
  • following immob, ROM and isometric strengthening should be initiated followed by progressive resistive exercises emphasizing the IR and ER as well as large scap muscles
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29
Q

Impingement syndrome snapshot

A
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30
Q

Impingement syndrome etiology

A
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31
Q

Impingement syndrome s/s

A
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32
Q

Impingement syndrome tx

A
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33
Q

Juvenile RA snapshot

A
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34
Q

Juvenile RA etiology

A
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35
Q

Juvenile RA s/s

A
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36
Q

Juvenile RA tx

A
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37
Q

Lateral epicondylitis snapshot

A
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38
Q

Lateral epicondylitis etiology

A
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39
Q

Lateral epicondylitis s/s

A
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40
Q

Lateral epicondylitis tx

41
Q

Legg Calve Perthes Disease snapshot

42
Q

LCPD etiology

43
Q

LCPD s/s

44
Q

LCPD tx

45
Q

MCL snapshot

46
Q

MCL sprain etiology

47
Q

MCL sprain s/s

48
Q

MCL sprain tx

49
Q

Meniscus tear snapshot

50
Q

Meniscus tear etiology

51
Q

Meniscus tear s/s

52
Q

Meniscus tear tx

53
Q

Osgood Schlatter Disease snapshot

54
Q

OSD etiology

55
Q

OSD s/s

56
Q

OSD tx

57
Q

OA snapshot

58
Q

OA etiology

59
Q

OA s/s

60
Q

OA tx

61
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

62
Q

Osteogenesis imprefecta etiology

63
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta s/s

64
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta tx

65
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome snapshot

66
Q

Patellofemoral etiology

67
Q

Patellofemoral s/s

68
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome tx

69
Q

PF snapshot

70
Q

PF etiology

71
Q

PF s/s

72
Q

PF tx

73
Q

PCL sprain snapshot

74
Q

PCL sprain s/s

75
Q

PCL sprain tx

76
Q

RA snapshot

77
Q

RA etiology

78
Q

RA s/s

79
Q

RA tx

80
Q

Rotator cuff tear snapshot

81
Q

Rotator cuff tear etiology

82
Q

Rotator cuff tear s/s

83
Q

Rotator cuff tear tx

84
Q

Scoliosis snapshot

85
Q

Scoliosis etiology

86
Q

Scoliosis s/s

87
Q

Scoliosis tx

88
Q

Talipes equinovarus snapshot

89
Q

Talipes Equinovarus etiology

90
Q

Talipes equinovarus s/s

91
Q

Talipes equinovarus tx

92
Q

THA snapshot

93
Q

THA etiology

94
Q

THA s/s

95
Q

THA tx

96
Q

TKA snapshot

97
Q

TKA etiology

98
Q

TKA s/s

99
Q

TKA tx

NPTE Scorebuilders- MUSCULOSKELETAL (7 decks)

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