Musculoskeletal IV- Pathologies Flashcards
1
Q
Achilles tendonitis snapshot
A
- repetitive overuse disorder resulting in microscopic tears of collagen fibers on the surface or in the substance of the achilles tendon
- tendon most often impacted in an avascular zone located two to six centimeters above the insertion of the tendon
2
Q
Achilles tendonitis etiology
A
- overload of tendon often caused by changes in training intensity or faulty technique
- limited flaxibility and strength in gastroc and soleus complex and/or pronated or cavus foot are at increased risk
- activities fx associated- running, basketball, gymnastics, and dancing
- history of increased chance of tendon rupture later in life
3
Q
Achilles tendonitis s/s
A
- aching or burning in the posterior heel, tenderness of achilles tendon, pain with increased activity, swelling and thickening in the tendon area, muscle weakness due to pain, morning stiffness
4
Q
Achilles tendonitis tx
A
- Initially RICE, and anagesics as needed
- heel lift and cross training may be used to limit the amount of tensile loading through the tendon
- prevention includes heel cord stretching, use of appropriate solft soled footwear, eccentric strengthening or gastroc and soleus, and avoid sudden changes to exercise intensity
5
Q
Adhesive capsulitis snapshot
A
- results in loss of ROM in active and passive shoulder motion due to soft tissue contracture
- condition causes by adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the capsule, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid
6
Q
Adhesive capsulitis etiology
A
- onset may be related to a direct injury to the shoulder or may begin insidiously
- peak incidence occurs in individuals between 40 and 60 years of age with females more affected than males
- increased risk with diabetes
- self-limiting and typically resolves in 1-2 years
7
Q
Adhesive capsulitis s/s
A
- incidious onset of localized pain often extending down the arm, subjective reports of stiffness, night pain, restricted ROM in a capsular pattern
8
Q
Adhesive capsulitis tx
A
- focus of treatment is increasing ROM with glenohumeral mobilization, range of motion exercises, and palliative modalities
- avoid overstretching and elevating pain since can result in further loss of motion
- can have suprascapular nerve block and closed manipulation under anasthesia
9
Q
ACL sprain snapshot
A
- ACL runs from anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch
- ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur
- the extent of he sprain is classified according to extent of ligament damage
- grade 1=microscopic tears
- grade 3=completely torn
10
Q
ACL etiology
A
- noncontact twisting injury
- associated with hyperextension, varus or valgus stress to the knee
- ACL sprain often invoves injury to other knee structures such as medial capsule, MCL, and menisci
11
Q
ACL s/s
A
- patient may report a loud pop or feeling the knee “giving way” or “buckling” followed by dizziness, sweating, and swelling
- ST- anterior drawer, lachman, lateral pivot shift
12
Q
ACL tx
A
- Initially RICE, NSAIDs, and analgesics as needed
- Conservative includes:
- LE strengthening emphasizing quads and hamstrings.
- Surgery often warranted for complete ACL tear (grade III)
- intra articular reconstruction using patellar tendon, iliotibial band, or hamstring tendon
13
Q
Congenital hip dysplasia snapshot
A
- AKA developmental dysplasia
- condition characterized by malalginment of the femoral head within the acetabulum
- develops during late trimester in utero
14
Q
Congenital hip dysplasia etiology
A
- cultural predisposition, malposition of utero, environmental and genetic influences
15
Q
Congenital hip dysplasia s/s
A
- clinical presentation includes
- asymmetrical hip abduction with tightness and apparent femoral shortening of the involved side
- testing for this condition may include the Ortolani’s test, Barlo’s test, and Diagnostic ultrasound
16
Q
Congenital hip dysplasia tx
A
- focus of treatment is dependent on age, severity, and initial attempts to reposition the femoral head within the acetabulum through the constant use of a harness, bracing, splinting or traction
- PT may be indicated after cast removal for stretching, strengthening, and caregiver education
17
Q
Congenital limb deficiencies snapshot
A
- malformation that occurs in utero, secondary to an altered developmental course
- classified as longitudinal or transverse
- longitudinal refers to a reduction or absence of an element or elements within the long axis of the bone
- transverse limb deficiency refers to a limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist
18
Q
Congenital limb deficiencies etiology
A
- majority ae idiopathic or are genetic in origin
- others include poor blood supply, constricting amniotic bands, infection, and maternal drug exposure
19
Q
Congenital limb deficiencies s/s
A
- structural or acquired abnormality of a limb, phantom limb pain
20
Q
Congenital limb deficiencies tx
A
the focus of treatment is on symmetrical movements, strengthening, range of motion, weight bearing activities, and prosthetic training when appropriate
21
Q
Congenital torticollis snapshot
A
- “wry neck”
- chracterized by unilateral contacture of the SCM muscle
- condition is most often identified in the first two months of life
22
Q
Congenital torticollis etiology
A
- cause is unknown
- may be associated with malpositioning in utero and birth trauma
23
Q
Congenital tortocollis s/s
A
- lateral cervical flexion to the same side as the contracture, rotation toward the opposite side, and facial asymmetries
24
Q
Congenital torticollis tx
A
- initially, conservative tx with emphasis on stretching, AROM, positioning, and caregive education
25
Glenohumeral instability snapshot
* refers to excessive translation of the humeral head on the glenoid during active rotation
* involved varying degrees of injuries to dynamic and static structures that function to contain the humeral head in the glenoid
* subluxation refers to joint laxity, allowing more than 50% of the humeral head to passively translate over the glenoid rim without dislocation
* dislocation is complete seperation of the articular surfaces of the glenoid and the humeral head
* approx 85% of disocations detach the glenoid labrum (ie Bankart lesion)
26
Glenohumeral instability etiology
* combination of forces stress the anterior capsule, GH ligament, and RC, causing the humerus to move anteriorly out of the glenoid fossa
* ant disloc is the most common and usually assoc with shoulder ABD and ER
27
Glenohumeral instability s/s
* subluxation-
* feeling the shoulder "popping" out and back into place, pain, paresthesias, sensation of the arm feeling "dead", positive apprehension test, capsular tenderness, swelling
* dislocation-
* severe pain, parethesias, limited ROM, weakness, visible shoulder fullness, arm supported by contralateral limb
28
Glenohumeral instability tx
* initial mobilization with a sling for 3-6 weeks
* RICE and NSAIDs often in early phase
* following immob, ROM and isometric strengthening should be initiated followed by progressive resistive exercises emphasizing the IR and ER as well as large scap muscles
29
Impingement syndrome snapshot
30
Impingement syndrome etiology
31
Impingement syndrome s/s
32
Impingement syndrome tx
33
Juvenile RA snapshot
34
Juvenile RA etiology
35
Juvenile RA s/s
36
Juvenile RA tx
37
Lateral epicondylitis snapshot
38
Lateral epicondylitis etiology
39
Lateral epicondylitis s/s
40
Lateral epicondylitis tx
41
Legg Calve Perthes Disease snapshot
42
LCPD etiology
43
LCPD s/s
44
LCPD tx
45
MCL snapshot
46
MCL sprain etiology
47
MCL sprain s/s
48
MCL sprain tx
49
Meniscus tear snapshot
50
Meniscus tear etiology
51
Meniscus tear s/s
52
Meniscus tear tx
53
Osgood Schlatter Disease snapshot
54
OSD etiology
55
OSD s/s
56
OSD tx
57
OA snapshot
58
OA etiology
59
OA s/s
60
OA tx
61
Osteogenesis imperfecta
62
Osteogenesis imprefecta etiology
63
Osteogenesis imperfecta s/s
64
Osteogenesis imperfecta tx
65
Patellofemoral syndrome snapshot
66
Patellofemoral etiology
67
Patellofemoral s/s
68
Patellofemoral syndrome tx
69
PF snapshot
70
PF etiology
71
PF s/s
72
PF tx
73
PCL sprain snapshot
74
PCL sprain s/s
75
PCL sprain tx
76
RA snapshot
77
RA etiology
78
RA s/s
79
RA tx
80
Rotator cuff tear snapshot
81
Rotator cuff tear etiology
82
Rotator cuff tear s/s
83
Rotator cuff tear tx
84
Scoliosis snapshot
85
Scoliosis etiology
86
Scoliosis s/s
87
Scoliosis tx
88
Talipes equinovarus snapshot
89
Talipes Equinovarus etiology
90
Talipes equinovarus s/s
91
Talipes equinovarus tx
92
THA snapshot
93
THA etiology
94
THA s/s
95
THA tx
96
TKA snapshot
97
TKA etiology
98
TKA s/s
99
TKA tx
