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NPTE Scorebuilders- MUSCULOSKELETAL > Musculoskeletal III- Gait > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal III- Gait Flashcards

1
Q

RLA Terminology- Stance phase (pg 77)

A
  • 60% of gait cycle
    • initial contact
    • loading response
    • midstance
    • terminal stance
    • pre-swing
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2
Q

RLA terminology- Swing phase

A
  • 40% gait cycle
    • initial swing
    • midswing
    • terminal swing
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3
Q

Stance phase- initial contact

A
  • beginning of the stance phase that occurs when foot touches the ground
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4
Q

Stance phase- Loading response

A
  • corresponds to amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase
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5
Q

Stance phase- Midstance

A
  • point in stance phase when the othe foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb
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6
Q

Stance phase- Terminal stance

A
  • terminal stance begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground
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7
Q

Stance phase- Pre swing

A
  • begins when the entire foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off
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8
Q

Swing phase- Initial swing

A
  • begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with meximal knee flexion during swing
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9
Q

Swing phase- Midswing

A
  • midswing begins with maximizing knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground
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10
Q

Swing phase- terminal swing

A
  • begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground
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11
Q

Peak muscle activity during the gait cycle- Tibialis anterior

A
  • just after heel strike
  • responsible for eccentric lowering of the foot into plantar flexion
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12
Q

Peak muscle activity during the gait cycle- Gastroc soleus group

A
  • during late stance phase
  • responsible for concentric raising of the heel during toe off
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13
Q

Peak muscle activity during the gait cycle- Quadriceps group

A
  • two periods of peak activity
    • single support during early stance phase
    • and just before toe off to initiate swing phase
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14
Q

Peak muscle activity during the gait cycle- Hamstring group

A
  • during late swing phase
  • responsible for decelerating the unsupported limb
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15
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- hip flexion

A

0-30 degrees

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16
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- hip extension

A

0-10 degrees

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17
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- knee flexion

A

0-60 degrees

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18
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- knee extension

A

0 degrees

19
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- ankle dorsiflexion

A

0-10 degrees

20
Q

Range of motion requirements for normal gait- ankle plantar flexion

A

0-20 degrees

21
Q

Base of support

A
  • distance measured between the left and right foot during progression of gait
  • the distance decreases as cadence increases
  • average BOS for adults= 2-4 inches
22
Q

Cadence

A
  • number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time
  • average value for adult= 110-120 steps per min
23
Q

Degree of toe-out

A
  • angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe
  • average degree of toe out for adult= 7 degrees
24
Q

Double support phase

A
  • refers to the two times during a gait cycle where both feet are on the ground
  • time of double support increased as the speed of gait decreased
  • phase does not exist with running
25
Q

Gait cycle

A
  • refers to the sequence of motions that occur from initial contact of the heel to the next consecutive initial contact of the same heel
26
Q

Pelvic rotation

A
  • rotation of pelvis occurs opposite the thorax in order to maintain balance and regulate speed
  • average pelvic rotation during gait of an adult is a total of 8 degrees (4 degrees forward wih the swing leg and 4 degrees backward with the stance leg)
27
Q

Single support phase

A
  • occurs when only one foot is on the ground and occurs twice during a single gait cycle
28
Q

Step length

A
  • distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike
  • average step length for an adult is 28 inches
29
Q

Stride length

A
  • distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike
  • average for adults= 56 inches
30
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Antalgic

A
  • protective gait pattern where the involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing on the involved side, usually secondary to pain
31
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Ataxic

A
  • a gait pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness
  • there is usually a wide base of support and movement are exaggerated
32
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Cerebellar

A
  • staggering gait pattern seen in cerebellar disease
  • person walks with a wide base and has difficulty turning. The feet can be turned outward, and the person puts his or her weight first on the heel and then on the toes. The condition is caused by a lesion in thecerebellum or cerebellar pathways. Also called ataxic gait.
33
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Circumduction

A
  • gait pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase
  • may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion
34
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Double step

A
  • a gait pattern in which alternate alternate steps are of different length or at a different rate
35
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Equine

A
  • a gait pattern characterized by high steps; usually involves excessive activity of the gastrocnemius
36
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Festinating

A
  • patient walks on toes as though pushed
  • starts slowly, increases, and may continue until the patient grasps an object in order to stop
37
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Hemiplegic

A
  • patients abduct the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them
38
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Parkinsonian

A
  • marked by increased forward flexio of the trunk and knees; gait is shuffling with quick and small steps; festinating may occur
39
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Scissor

A
  • legs cross midline upon advancement
40
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Spastic

A
  • a gait pattern with stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, and hip and knee joints slightly flexed
  • commonly seen in spastic paraplegia (paralysis of legs and lower body)
41
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Steppage

A
42
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Tabetic

A
43
Q

Abnormal gait patterns- Trendelenburg

A
  • denotes gluetus medius weakness, excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg

NPTE Scorebuilders- MUSCULOSKELETAL (7 decks)

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