Musculoskeletal I- Joint snapshots, Joint receptors, Joint classification, and Exercise physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Energy systems- Anaerobic metabolism pg 44
A
-
ATP-PC system
- Used for high intensity, short duration exercise (short sprint 100m)
- system provides energy for muscle contraction for up to 15 seconds
- does not depend on long series of chemical reactions, dont not depend on transport of oxygen to working muscles
-
Anaerobic glycolysis
- major supplier of ATP during high intensity short duration activities such as sprinting 400 or 800 meters
- process does not require oxygen
- results in formation of lactic acid, which causes muscular fatigue
- nearly 50% slower than ATP-PC system and can provide a person with 30-40 sec of muscle contraction
- does not require precense of oxygen only uses carbohydrates
2
Q
Energy systems- Aerobic metabolism pg 45
A
- aerobic system used predominatly during low intensity long duration exercise
- ex running a marathon
- oxygen system yields most ATP, but requires several series of complex chemical reactions
- will provide energy as long as there are nutrients to utilize
3
Q
Anatomic position
A
- Erect posture of the body with the face forward, feet pointing and slightly apart, arms at side, and palms forward with fingers and thumbs in extension
4
Q
Frontal plane (coronal)
A
- divides body into anterior and posterior sections
- around anterior/posterior axis
5
Q
Sagittal plane
A
- divides body into right and left sections
- around medial/lateral axis
6
Q
Transverse plane
A
- divides body into upper and lower sections
- occur around vertical axis
7
Q
Classes of levers- Class 1 (pg 46)
A
- axis of rotation (fulcrum) in the middle between the effort (force) and resistance (load)
8
Q
Classes of levers- Class II
A
- resistance (load) between the rotation (fulcrum) and effort (force)
- effort arm is always longer than the resistance arm
- common for gravity to be the effort and muscle activity the resistance
- ex. wheelbarrow
9
Q
Classes of levers- Class III
A
- the effort (force) between the axis of rotation (fulcrum) and the resistance (load)
- length of effort arm is always shorter then length of the resistance arm
- ex shoulder abduction with weight at wrist
- most common type in body
10
Q
Joint classification- Fibrous (synarthroses) pg 46
A
- suture (sagittal suture of skull)
- syndesmosis (tib and fib with interosseus membrane)
- gomphosis (tooth in socket)
11
Q
Joint classification- Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)
A
- synchondrosis (sternum and true rib articulation)
- symphysis (pubic)
12
Q
Joint classification- Synovial joints (diarthroses)
A
- uniaxial- one motion around single axis
- biaxial- movements occurs in two planes (convex/concave)
- multiaxial- movement occurs in three planes
13
Q
Joint receptors- free nerve endings pg 47
A
- location- joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
- sensitivity- one type is sensitive to non noxious mechanical stress; other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biomechanical stimuli
- primary distribution- all joints
14
Q
Joint receptors- golgi ligament endings
A
- location- ligaments, adjacent to ligaments’ bony attachment
- sensitivity- tension or stretch on ligaments
- primary distribution- majority of joints
15
Q
Joint receptors- golgi mazzoni corpuscles
A
- location- joint capsule
- sensitivity- compression of joint capsule
- primary distribution- knee joint, joint capsule
17
Q
Joint receptors- Ruffini endings
A
- location- fibrous layer of joint capsule
- sensitivity- stretching of joint capsule
- primary distribution- greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
18
Q
Muscle action- TMJ
A
-
depress
- lateral pterygoid
- surahyoid
- infrahyoid
-
elevate
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
-
protrusion
- masseter
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
-
retrusion
- temporalis
- masseter
- digastric
-
side to side
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
- masseter
- temporalis
