musculoskeletal injury

Question 1

what is an injury

Answer 1

Damage to the cellular structure of human tissue resulting from
the application of mechanical stress

Question 2

what is mechanical stress

Answer 2

Amount of force acting within a structure”.
◼ Beneficial or injurious.
◼ 3 types of stress:
◆ Compression
◆ Tension
◆ Shear

Question 3

what is compression stress

Answer 3

Particles pushed against each other.

Question 4

what is tension stress

Answer 4

Particles pulled away from each other

Question 5

what is shear stress

Answer 5

Particles slide relative to each other.

Question 6

what are the 5 types of stress load

Answer 6

1. Compression.
2. Tension.
3. Shearing.
4. Bending.
5. Torsion.

Question 7

what is compression load

Answer 7

◼ Equal & opposite forces applied.
◼ Creates compression stress
within structure.

boxer nose fracture

Question 8

what is tension load

Answer 8

◼ Equal & opposite forces pull away from each other.
◼ Creates tension stress within structure.

torn ligament

Question 9

what is a shearing load

Answer 9

◼ Force applied parallel to structure surface.
◼ Creates shear stress within structure.

blister

Question 9

what is a bending load

Answer 9

short side has a compression load

tension load on the long side

in the middle shearing load

Question 10

what is Torsional Load

Answer 10

◼ Twisting about an axis.
◼ Induces shear, compression
& tension stresses.

ACL

Question 11

what is a strain

Answer 11

Deformation of a body in response to stress

Question 12

what are the 2 types of injuries

Answer 12

1. Acute traumatic injury.
2. Chronic overuse injury.

Question 13

what causes an acute injury

Answer 13

◼ Results from a single episode of stress, exceeding a tissue’s tolerance.
◼ Creates macrotrauma.

Question 14

what causes a chronic injury

Answer 14

◼ Results from repetitive application of stress at levels less than a tissue’s tolerance.
◼ Creates microtrauma.

Question 15

how can chronic injuries cause tissue damage

Answer 15

◆ Magnitude of stresses.
◆ Total number of stress peaks.
◆ Interval between stresses (recovery period).

Question 16

what is the Overuse Injury Theory

Answer 16

Increased / Altered activity
Increased training effort
Increased tissue stress
Stronger Tissue
Microscopic Tissue Damage
Tissue Remodeling
Remodeling Rate > Rate of damage
stronger tissue

Question 17

examples of acute ligament injuries

Answer 17

sprain

Question 17

ligament sprain

Answer 17

◼ Caused by:
Sudden over-stretch with joint in extreme position.
◼ Contact.
◼ Non-Contact.(ACL)

Question 18

3 types of ligament sprains

Answer 18

grade 1:Microscopic Tearing
grade 2:Partial Disruption
grade 3:Complete Rupture

Question 19

what causes muscle strain

Answer 19

Forceful “over-stretch”
Forceful eccentric contraction.
Combination.

Question 20

acute skeletal injury

Answer 20

◼ A break in the structural continuity of bone.
◼ Caused by sudden and excessive force.

Question 21

chronic skeletal injury

Answer 21

stress fracture

Microfractures (Stress Injury)

Small Cortical Fracture (Stress Fracture)

lowers tissue tolerance

Question 22

examples of high risk stress fractures

Answer 22

◼ Stress fractures of femoral neck & middle
anterior tibia can progress to acute fracture.

Question 23

tendon chronic injury

Answer 23

Tendinopathy - can lead to a rupture

◼ “Tennis Elbow”
◼ “Golfer’s elbow”
◼ “Jumper’s Knee”

Question 24

what is pathophysiology

Answer 24

collagen degeneration and disorientation