knee joint

Question 1

2 types of knee joint

Answer 1

tibiofemoral joint

patellofemoral joint

Question 2

functions of the knee joint

Answer 2

Support body weight.
2. Transmit forces between femur and tibia. to aid stability
3. Provide movement for locomotion and activities to aid mobility

Question 3

tibiofemoral joint

Answer 3

A synovial bicondylar joint
between:
1. Femoral condyles.
2. Tibial articular surfaces.

Question 4

where are the femoral condyles located

Answer 4

Femoral condyles at distal
end of femur.

Question 5

features of the femoral condyles

Answer 5

covered in cartilage can seen in inferior view

Lateral condyle’s articular profile is longer then the medial

Question 6

features of the tibia condyles

Answer 6

Tibial condyles at proximal end.

can see the tibial articular surfaces in a superior view

the medial condyle is Larger & more oval.

the lateral condyle is Smaller and circular

Question 7

what is menisci

Answer 7

 Semi-lunar fibrocartilage discs

the medial meniscus is more semi circle where as the lateral covers a larger area and is closers to a circle

Question 8

functions of the meniscus

Answer 8

↑ congruence between articular
surfaces.
2. Assist weight bearing across joint.
3. Shock absorbers.
4. Facilitate accessory movements.

Question 9

what are the 4 major ligaments

Answer 9

Medial Collateral Ligament.
2. Lateral Collateral Ligament.
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament.
4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament.

Question 10

what is the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Answer 10

Broad flat band, 10cm long.
 Extra-capsular.

Question 11

what is the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Answer 11

Extra-capsular.
 A strong cord.

Question 12

what is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Answer 12

Intra-capsular.
 From anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle.

Question 13

what is the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 13

Intra-capsular.
 From posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle.

Question 14

structure of the patellofemoral joint

Answer 14

Synovial saddle joint
between:
1. Articular surface of patella.
2. Patellar surface of femur.

Question 15

what is the patella

Answer 15

Largest SESAMOID bone in body.
it is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps

Question 16

what is the function of the patella

Answer 16

An anatomic pulley.
2. Reduces friction between quadriceps
tendon & femoral condyles.

Question 17

patella strucutre

Answer 17

Oval-shaped, cartilage-
covered.

 Vertical ridge separates
medial and lateral areas.

Larger lateral area
Smaller medial area.

Question 18

structure of the patellar surface of femur

Answer 18

Cartilage-covered surface which articulates with the patella

Question 19

PFJ inferior

Answer 19

Patella ridge
articulates with groove
of patellar surface.

Question 20

patella movements

Answer 20

With flexion, the patella
moves distally
 With extension, the patella
moves proximally.

Question 21

what is the joint capsule

Answer 21

No complete, independent fibrous capsule.
 Joint surrounded by sheath composed of ligaments & tendons.

Question 22

what is bursae

Answer 22

Fluid-filled sacs.
 Reduce friction.

Question 23

what 2 axis of rotation can happen at the knee joint

Answer 23

Flexion & extension occur
about horizontal axis in
sagittal plane.
2. Medial and lateral rotation
occur about vertical axis in
transverse plane.

Question 24

knee flexion angle

Answer 24

140 degrees

Question 25

knee extension angle

Answer 25

0

Question 26

medial + lateral tibial rotation

Answer 26

At 90° flexion:
– 25° medial rotation.
– 40° lateral rotation.

Question 27

closed packed position

Answer 27

Close-packed position of knee is full
extension.
 No rotation possible in this position.