Musculoskeletal Disoders 2

Question 1

devices or tissues that are placed inside or on the surface of the body

Answer 1

Implants

Question 2

it is the resistance of a structure to deformation

Answer 2

STIFFNESS

Question 3

it is used in context of fracture fixation describes an implant or of a bone- implant construct physical property of resisting deformation under load.

Answer 3

RIGIDITY

Question 4

it is the ability of a material to recover its original shape after deformation

Answer 4

ELASTICITY

Question 5

– the ability of a material to be formed to a new shape without fracture and retain that shape after load removal

Answer 5

PLASTICITY

Question 6

the ability of solid material is to be deformed under tensile stress and to be stretched into a wire without fracture

Answer 6

DUCTILITY

Question 7

many surgeons were using hooks , pins and wires made of various metals –

Answer 7

gold ,silver ,platinum or iron

Question 8

in animal experiment found platinum was the most inert metal

Answer 8

LAVERT

Question 9

introduced pins for
fixation of “small fragments” at the intra articular level.

Answer 9

VON BAYER in 1908

Question 10

stressed the value of rigid fixation and showed that movement at the fracture site

Answer 10

EARNEST HEY GROVES

Question 11

because of its total inertness(chemically inactive) in the body.

Answer 11

TITANIUM

Question 12

have the fabrication(invention)versatility and strength of stainless steel and excellent compatibilty in the body.

Answer 12

TITANIUM,VITALLIUM

Question 13

Implants can be tested under following categories:
PCSB

Answer 13

• Physical
• Chemical
• Structural
• Biological.

Question 14

Physical Tests

Answer 14

Appearance
Weight
Magnetism
Hardness
Impact test
Spark test

Question 15

A drop of the electrolyte is placed on the stainless steel under test, and the electrodes are placed against the electrolyte solution

Answer 15

Molybdenum Detection Test

Question 16

contains hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in the proportion of 3:1, and it is a strong solvent.

Answer 16

Corrosion Test (Aqua Regia)
q

Question 17

acronym for nickel titanium naval ordnance laboratory, where the alloy’s remarkable properties were discovered

Answer 17

Nitinol

Question 18

Biomaterials can be defined as being
“natural or synthetic substances, capable of being tolerated permanently or temporarily by the human body

Answer 18

Non metallic implants

Question 19

These have a characteristic of osteoconduction and the capability of chemical bonding with living bone tissue in accordance with the pattern of “bonding osteogenesis

Answer 19

Bioactive Ceramics

Question 20

These are gradually absorbed in vivo and replaced by bone in the bone tissue.

Answer 20

Bioresorbable Ceramics

Question 21

are chemically inert, have good biotolerance, and high hydrophobic capacity

Answer 21

Polymers Silicones

Question 22

provided in two parts, liquid monomer which helps methacrylate powder to polymerize

Answer 22

Polyacrylics

Question 23

have allowed a paradigm shift away from bionic (mechanical replacement) engineering toward true biologic solutions in orthopaedics reconstruction.

Answer 23

Biodegradable implants

Question 24

reduction in bone density (osteopenia)
as a result of removal of typical stress from the bone by an implant ), pain, local irritation

Answer 24

stress shielding
phenomeno