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NCM 116: Gastro-Intestinal, Metabolism and Endocrine > Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 1) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

THE ORAL CAVITY is bounded by the

A

teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft
palate

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2
Q

first step of digestion:

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

. MECHANICAL DIGESTION BEGINS WHEN

A

THE TEETH BREAK
DOWN INGESTED FOOD

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4
Q

BEGINS THE PROCESS OF
CHEMICAL DIGESTION

A

SALIVA MOISTENS FOOD

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5
Q

three pairs of salivary glands:

A

parotid,
sublingual, and submandibular

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6
Q

(also called the
submaxillary gland)

A

submandibular

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7
Q

e tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass called

A

a bolus,

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8
Q

peristaltic waves move the bolus into the

A

stomach

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9
Q

5 nerves in swallowing

A

5, 7, 9, 10, 12

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10
Q

3 stages of Swallowing

A

Oral (voluntary)
Pharyngeal (Involuntary)
Esophageal (LES relaxed)

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11
Q

Soft palate is elevated + retracted to prevent

A

nasopharingeal reflux

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12
Q

a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting
tube from the mouth to the anus

A

THE GI TRACT

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13
Q

solid organs of the digestive
system.

A

liver, pancreas, and
gallbladder a

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14
Q

3 parts of the small intestines (in order)

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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15
Q

large intestine includes the

A

appendix, cecum,
colon, and rectum.

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16
Q

finger-shaped pouch attached to
the cecum.

A

e appendix

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17
Q

Bacteria in your GI tract, also called

A

gut flora or
microbiome,

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18
Q

*Parts of your _____________ and ______ also help. Working
together, nerves, hormones, bacteria, blood, and the
organs of your digestive system

A

nervous and circulatory

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19
Q

amylase

A

Starch to sugar

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20
Q

Protease

A

Proteins to Amino Acids

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21
Q

Lipase

A

Lipids to fatty acids + glycerol

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22
Q

nuclease

A

Nucleic acids to nucleotides

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23
Q

pH of Gastric Acid

A

1.0-3.5

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24
Q

mixing wave inside the stomach which force the
chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter.

A

CHURNING MOTION

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25
Q

protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin
B12

A

INTRINSIC FACTOR

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26
Q

GASTRIC ACID
● is made of

A

f HCL, Potassium Cl, Sodium Cl

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27
Q

from ingestion of food to terminal ileum
how many hours?

A

4

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28
Q

food to rectum? how many hours

A

12 hrs

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29
Q

Exocrine cells secretes? (pancreas)

A

Buffers and Digestive enzymes

30
Q

Storage and concentration of bile

A

Gallbladder

31
Q

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials

A

Large intestines

32
Q

Process of Digestion

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

33
Q

Cause of ORAL DYSBIOSIS

A

poor oral hygiene
● dietary habits
● Smoking
● gingival inflammation
● genetic difference

34
Q

cause stomach ulcers can migrate to
your mouth and affects gum tissues.

A

*H. pylori bacteria

35
Q

type of yeast infection that develops inside your
mouth and tongue.

A

OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS
(ORAL THRUSH)

36
Q

Causes of OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS

A

Cancer
- HIV/AIDS
- Smoke/tobacco and alcohol
- Antibiotics or corticosteroids, including inhaled corticosteroids
- Medications that cause dry mouth

37
Q

Management of Oral thrush
OAUT

A

Oral hygiene, Oral wash/ mouthwash
● Antibiotics/ antifungal medications (Fluconazole,
Nystatin, Gentian violet)
● Use warm saltwater oral rinses.
● Take probiotics.

38
Q

Type of Dysphagia that has difficulty initiating swallowing

A

Orophrayngeal Dysphagia

39
Q

Type of Dysphagia that is not associated with anatomic abnormalities or injury

A

Functional dysphagia

40
Q

Type of Dysphagia that cause by neurodegenerative, motor neuron disease, damage to the CNS

A

Neuromuscular symptom complex

41
Q

Type of Dysphagia that has difficulty passing down the esophagus

A

Esophageal dysphagia

42
Q

Causes of Dysphagia

SMG

A

stroke, head injury, or dementia.
- mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer.
- gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

43
Q

ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS

A

GERD
● Motility disorders
● Esophagitis (infection, chemicals, pills)
● Neurological disorders
● Skeletal muscle disorders
● Varices
● Mallory-Weiss sy.
● Barrett’s
● Tumors

44
Q

a rare disorder thath makes it difficult to swallow connecting to mouth and stomach (where LES does not relax)

A

Achalasia Cardia

45
Q

Causes of Achalasia Cardia

A

Smooth muscle diseases (scleroderma).
● Intrinsic nervous system

46
Q

(scleroderma)

A

Smooth muscle diseases

47
Q

Cause of Chagas Disease (infection)

A

Tripanosoma Cruzi infection

48
Q

Burning retrosternal pain radiating upward due to
exposure of the oesophagus to acid.

A

HEARTBURN: OESOPHAGITIS

49
Q

Oesophagitis: Endoscopically demonstrated damage
to the?

A

to the oesophageal mucosa.

50
Q

a tear or laceration of the mucous
membrane, most commonly at the point where the
esophagus and the stomach meet

A

MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

51
Q

esophagus and the stomach meet

A

(gastroesophageal
junction).

52
Q

Cause and result of MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

A

incomplete teas that affects mucosa and submucosa that results to HEMATEMESIS

53
Q

LES Opened causes damage to esophagus

A

BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS

54
Q

SYMPTOMS:
● Heartburn
● Chest pain
● Throat pain
● Nausea
● Halitosis
● Burning sensations
● Bad taste in the mouth

A

GASTROESOPHAGEAL RENAX DISORDER (GERD)

55
Q

Protective measures can be taken in order to prevent (GERD)

A

enamel
erosion

56
Q

Protective measures can be taken in order to prevent enamel
erosion, including (GERD)

PFM

A

Prescription oral rinses
● Fluoride treatments
● More frequent dental hygiene visits

57
Q

A Ring and B ring

A

A ring - Muscular Ring
B ring - Schatzki ring

58
Q

proximal or distal
● congenital or secondary to GERD

A

SCHATZKI’S RING

59
Q

upper E web
● dysphagia
Iron def

A

PLUMMER VINSON SYNDROME

60
Q

SYMPTOMS IF DIAMETER (RINGS AND WEB)

A

< 13 MM

61
Q

intermittent dysphagia for solid food
● sudden:

A

“steak house syndrome”

62
Q

CAUSES:
● H. Pylori
● NSAIDS
● Mental stress
● Smoking
● Alcohol
● Genetics

A

PEPTIC ULCERS

63
Q

enlarged veins in the tube that
connects the throat and stomach

A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

64
Q

Watchout for signs/symptoms of (for esophageal varices)

A

BLEEDING Varices

65
Q

what are the 6 salivary glands

A

two parotid glands, two submandibular glands, and two sublingual glands.

66
Q

Bile contributes to digestion by

A

breaking up large fat globules, a process known as
emulsification.

67
Q

is a green, pear-shaped sac about 10 cm
or 4 in. long t

A

GALL
BLADDER i

68
Q

can block the flow of fluid
through the bile ducts

A

gallstones

69
Q

Signs of a gallstone attack include

A

nausea, vomiting,
or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right
arm.

70
Q

pancreatic juice, a mix of

A

digestive enzymes, water, buffers (bicarbonates), and
electrolytes

71
Q

pancreatic juice, a mix of
digestive enzymes, water, buffers (bicarbonates), and
electrolytes produced by

A

acinar and epithelial cells.

72
Q

Pancreatic juice drains through the main pancreatic duct called?

A

(duct of Wirsung)

NCM 116: Gastro-Intestinal, Metabolism and Endocrine (6 decks)

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