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NCM 116: Gastro-Intestinal, Metabolism and Endocrine > Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 2) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

OTC drugs for GERD

A

Antacids
H2RAs (H2 receptor antagonists)
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

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2
Q

Prescription Medication for GERD

A

Prokinetics
H2RAs
PPIs

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2
Q

Prescription Medication for GERD

A

Prokinetics
H2RAs
PPIs

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3
Q

First-line treatment for PUD, if due to H. pylori, is “

A

Triple Therapy
2 antibiotics
1 PPI

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4
Q

Example of triple therapy

A
  1. clarithromycin
  2. amoxicillin or metronidazole
    plus
  3. proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole).
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5
Q

r, in chronic ulceration or in gastric outlet obstruction
there is still an important role for

A

truncal vagotomy

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6
Q

ANTISECRETORY THERAPY
AHPMA

A

Antacids.
2. Histamine (H2) blockers
3. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
4. Medications to protect and strengthen the mucous lining of
the stomach. (bismuth subsalicylate/Pepto-Bismol)
5. Antibiotics to treat H. pylori if it is detected

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7
Q

abnormal, enlarged veins in the tube that
connects the throat and stomach

A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

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8
Q

Esophageal varices develop
when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by

A

clot or scar tissue in the liver.

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9
Q

opening in the diaphragm through which the
esophagus passes becomes enlarged

A

HIATAL (HIATUS) HERNIA

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10
Q

Heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia; at least half
of cases are asymptomatic *NO REFLUX

A

SLIDING HERNIA

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11
Q

Sense of fullness or chest pain after eating or may be
asymptomatic with refluz

A

PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA

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12
Q

COMPLICATIONS: of Paraesophhageal hernia
HOS

A

hemorrhage, obstruction, and strangulation
possible.

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13
Q

DECREASING RISK OF ASPIRATION for hernia

A
  • keep in a semi-Fowler’s position.
  • Instruct patient in the use of oral suction to decrease risk of
    aspiration.
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14
Q

(Billroth I)

A

Vagotomy and Antrectomy with Gastroduodenal
Reconstruction

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15
Q

Gastrojejunal Reconstruction

A

(Billroth II)

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16
Q

s surgery to widen the opening in the lower part of
the stomach (pylorus) so that stomach contents can
empty into the small intestine (duodenum)

A

PYLOROPLASTY

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17
Q

to reduce the rate
of gastric secretion.

A

VAGOTOMY

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18
Q

All the parasympathetic supply from the stomach to the left
side of the transverse colon relies on the

A

e vagus nerves.

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19
Q

cuts the nerve at the gastroesophageal
junction

A

truncal vagotomy

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20
Q

lasts several hours to a few days and is often caused
by dietary indiscretion

A

ACUTE GASTRITIS

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21
Q

prolonged inflammation of the stomach that may
be caused either by benign or malignant ulcers o

A

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

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22
Q

abdominal discomfort, headache, lassitude, nausea,
anorexia, vomiting, and hiccupping

A

ACUTE Gastritis

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23
Q

May be asymptomatic. anorexia, heartburn after
eating, belching, a sour taste in the mouth, or nausea and
vomiting., vitamin B12 deficiency

A

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

24
Q

CHRONIC GASTRITIS MANAGEMENT

A

offer ice chips and clear liquids when symptoms
subside.
▪ Encourage patient to report any symptoms suggesting
a repeat episode

24
Q

CHRONIC GASTRITIS MANAGEMENT

A

offer ice chips and clear liquids when symptoms
subside.
▪ Encourage patient to report any symptoms suggesting
a repeat episode

25
Q

the whole stomach is removed

A

TOTAL GASTRECTOM

26
Q

the lower part of the stomach is removed

A

PARTIAL GASTRECTOM

27
Q

the left side of the stomach is removed

A

SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY

28
Q

top part of the stomach and part of the
oesophagus (gullet), the tube connecting your throat
to your stomach, is removed

A

OESOPHAGOGASTRECTOMY

29
Q

Complications of Gastrectomy
BDGDE

A

BLEEDING – anastomosed sit
● DUODENAL STUMP LEAK
● GASTRIC RETENTION
● DUMPING SYNDROME (subtotal gastrostomies)
Early – 10 - 30 mins after meals
S/S = vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, sweating, pallor,
palpitations

30
Q

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME/ IBS
Also called

A

spastic colon, irritable colon, or nervous stomach

31
Q

e low-FODMAP diet

A

(fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides,
monosaccharides, and polyols)

32
Q

can affect any part of the GI tract but most
commonly affects the terminal ileum and large
intestine, w

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

33
Q

CAUSES: genetics and family history

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

34
Q

TREATMENTCROHN’S DISEASE

TMS

A

topical pain relievers
● immunosuppressants
● surgery

35
Q

a birth defect that occurs when the intestines do not
correctly or completely rotate into their normal final
position during development.

A

MALROTATION

36
Q

MALROTATION
S/S

A

A baby with cramping might:
● pull up the legs and cry
● stop crying suddenly
● behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes
● repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens

37
Q

part of the intestine folds into itself, much like a
collapsible telescope. A common cause of intestinal
obstruction.

A

INTUSSUSCEPTION

38
Q

a part of the colon is completely blocked or missing

A

COLONIC ATRESIA

39
Q

part of the colon is more narrow than normal.

A

COLONIC STENOSIS,

40
Q

saclike herniation of the lining of
the bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle
layer

A

DIVERTICULUM

41
Q

s considered a major
predisposing factor.
DIVERTICULITI

A

low intake of dietary fiber

42
Q

results when food and bacteria retained
in the diverticulum produce infection and inflammation

A

DIVERTICULITIS

43
Q

Bowel irregularity with intervals of diarrhea, nausea and
anorexia, and bloating or abdominal distention.

A

Diverticulosis; n

44
Q

Acute onset of mild to severe pain in the left lower quadrant *
Nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and leukocytosis

A

Diverticulitis

45
Q

Diverticulitis
if untreated

A

, peritonitis and septicemia

46
Q

dilated veins in the anal canal,
structural disease

A

Hemorrhoids a

47
Q

nternal hemorrhoids can
fall down enough to

A

prolapse (sink or stick) out of the anus.

48
Q

This very painful
condition is also called a “____” in external hemorr

A

pile

49
Q

Prolapse requires manual reduction,
What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

A

Grade 3

50
Q

Prolapse, reduces spontaneously
What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

A

2

51
Q

Prolapse cannot be reduced,
What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

A

4

52
Q

Bleeding, no prolapse
What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

A

1

53
Q

Position for rectal examination of anascope for hemorrhoids?

A

Prone jack knife position

54
Q

INTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS
Treatment:
(LIS)

A

Improve bowel habits
Ligating bands
Surgical removal for a very large, painful and persistent
hemorrhoids.

55
Q

A HEMORRHOIDECTOMY
is performed in the following settings:
(SSS)

A

Symptomatic grade III, grade IV, or mixed
Strangulated internal hemorrhoids
- Some thrombosed external hemorrhoid

56
Q

Procedure for Prolapse
and Hemorrhoids - PPH)

A

Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy

NCM 116: Gastro-Intestinal, Metabolism and Endocrine (6 decks)

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