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Intro to Clinics > Musculoskeletal Assessments > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

Pain scales

A

Thermometer Pain Rating Scale
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
Numerical Pain Scale
McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ma’am Elaine Fav)

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2
Q

Verbal Descriptor Grading

A

0 - no pain
1 - slight pain
2- mild pain
3 - moderate pain
4 - severe pain
5 - extreme pain
6 - worst pain

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3
Q

Pain patterns for vascular

A

Throbbing
Pounding
Pulsing
Beating

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4
Q

Neurogenic pain patterns

A

Sharp
Crushing
Pinching
Itchy
Stinging
Shooting
Electrical

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5
Q

Musculoskeletal pain patterns

A

Aching
Sore
Deep
Cramping
Dull

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6
Q

Mnemonics for pain assessment

A

PQRST
SOCRATES

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7
Q

PQRST

A

Provoking factors
Quality of Pain
Region and radiation
Severity or associated symptoms
Temporal factors

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8
Q

SOCRATES

A

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associations
Time course
Severity

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9
Q

Chronic Pain assessment tool

A

Waddell’s Nonorganic Signs and Behavioral Symptoms

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10
Q

Signs of Tenderness test

A

superficial
nonanatomic (deep)

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11
Q

Signs of simulation tests

A

Axial loading
Acetabular rotation

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12
Q

light vertical loading over the pt’s skull reproduces pain on the lumbar region instead of the cervical region

A

axial loading

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13
Q

lumbosacral pain from upper trunk rotation, back pain reported when the pelvis and shoulders are passively rotated in the same plane as the pt stands.

A

acetabular rotation

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14
Q

Signs of Distraction Tests

A

SLR
Double leg raise

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15
Q

when there is same results in SLR in supine and sitting there is a presence of a/an

A

organic pathology

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16
Q

in what position should SLR be worse/better

A

Worse in supine
Better in sitting

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17
Q

organic response after SLR

A

greater degree of double leg raising

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18
Q

Signs of regional disturbances

A

weakness
sensory disturbances

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19
Q

cogwheeling or giving away of many muscle groups that cannot be explained on neurological basis

A

weakness

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20
Q

diminished sensation fitting a “stocking” rather than a dermatomal pattern

A

sensory disturbance

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21
Q

overreaction behaviors during an examination

A

guarding
bracing
rubbing
sighing
clenching of teeth
grimacing

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22
Q

what are trigger points and in what condition is it present?

A

pain c deep pressure and often radiates locally
found in myofascial pain syndrome

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23
Q

what are tender points and in what condition is it found

A

pain c light touch and does not radiate
found in fibromyalgia syndrome

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24
Q

structures affected in fibromyalgia syndrome

A

cutaneous
subcutaneous
ligaments
tendon

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25
Q

What are the systemic issues in fibromyalgia syndrome?

A

sleep
emotional issues
fatigue/tiredness

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26
Q

Common sites for digital palpation c approximation

A

low cervical
2nd rib
lat epicondyle
occipital
trapezius
supraspinatus
gluteal
GT

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27
Q

where can multiple points for fibromyalgia syndrome be found?

A

Greater Trochanter

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28
Q

components of measuring range of motion

A

PROM
AROM
normal range
end feel

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29
Q

conditions where an abnormal soft end feel is found

A

soft tissue edema
synovitis

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30
Q

conditions where abnormal firm end-feel is found

A

increased muscular tonus
capsular, muscular, ligamentous shortening

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31
Q

conditions where abnormal hard end-fee is found

A

chondromalacia
OA
loose bodies in jts
Myositis ossificans
Fracture

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32
Q

conditions where empty end feels are found

A

acute jt inflammation
bursitis
abscess
fracture
psychogenic disorder

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33
Q

hard capsular end feel is found when the pt has

A

frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis

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34
Q

spastic end feel is found when the pt has

A

UMN lesion

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35
Q

soft capsular end feel is found when the pt has

A

synovitis or soft tissue edema

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36
Q

bone to bone abnormal end feel is found when the pt has

A

acute subacromial bursitis

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37
Q

a springy block end feel is found when the pt has

A

meniscus tear

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38
Q

a mushy tissue stretch is found when the pt has

A

tight muscle

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39
Q

a late muscle spasm end feel is found when the pt has

A

spasm due to instability or pain

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40
Q

Accessory jt motion grade 0

A

ankylosed
joint mob is not indicated; surgery should be considered

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41
Q

Accessory jt motion grade 1

A

considerable hypomobility

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42
Q

Accessory jt motion grade 2

A

slight hypomobility

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43
Q

implications of treatment for accessory jt motion grades 1 and 2

A

grade 3 and 4 joint mobilization for mobility

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44
Q

implications of treatment for accessory jt motion grade 3

A

no jt mob needed

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45
Q

implications of treatment for accessory jt grade 4 and 5

A

jt mob grades 3 and 4 are joint mob are contraindicated

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46
Q

accessory jt motion grade 3

A

normal

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47
Q

accessory jt motion grade 4

A

slight hypermobility

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48
Q

accessory jt motion grade 5

A

considerable hypermobility

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49
Q

accessory jt motion grade 6

A

unstable

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50
Q

strong and painless isometric testing

A

no lesion

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51
Q

strong and painful isometric testing

A

minor lesion in ms or tendon

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52
Q

weak and painless isometric testing

A

disorder of nervous system or neuromuscular junction
disuse atrophy or complete rupture

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53
Q

weak and painful isometric testing

A

neoplasm or fx

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54
Q

the only reliable and valid assessment tool for shoulder

A

Shoulder Pain and Disability (SPADI)

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55
Q

ad cap stage 1

A

first 3 mos
painful shoulder movement, minimal restriction in motion

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56
Q

ad cap stage 2

A

3-9 mos
painful shoulder movement, progressive loss in GH joint motion

57
Q

ad cap stage 3

A

9-15 mos
reduced pain c shoulder movement, severely restricted GH jt motion

57
Q

ad cap stage 4

A

15-24 mos
minimal pain, progressive normalization of GH jt motion

58
Q

minimum detectable change in SPADI

A

13 pts (90% confidence)

59
Q

MMT grade 5

A

Normal
Full ROM against gravity
Max resistance

60
Q

MMT grade 4+

A

Good plus
Full ROM against gravity
Near max resistance

61
Q

MMT grade 4

A

Good
Full ROM against gravity
Moderate resistance

62
Q

MMT grade 4-

A

Good minus
Full ROM against gravity
Near mod resistance

63
Q

MMT grade 3+

A

Fair plus
Full ROM against gravity
Slight resistance

64
Q

MMT grade 3

A

Fair
Full ROM against gravity
No resistance

64
Q

MMT grade 3-

A

Fair minus
At least 50% ROM against gravity
no resistance

65
Q

MMT grade 2+

A

Poor plus
Full ROM, no gravity
slight resistance

66
Q

MMT grade 2

A

Poor
Full ROM, no gravity
no resistance

67
Q

MMT grade 2-

A

Poor minus
At least 50% ROM, no gravity
no resistance

68
Q

MMT grade 1+

A

Trace +
Minimal observable motion (< 50% ROM)
no resistance

69
Q

MMT grade 1

A

Trace
No observable motion but has ms contraction

70
Q

MMT grade 0

A

Zero
No muscle contraction

71
Q

Gold standard assessment tool for neck problems

A

Neck Disability Index

72
Q

Assessment tool for LBP

A

Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability (Oswestry Disability Index)

73
Q

Spondylolisthesis slip grade 1

A

<25%

74
Q

Spondylolisthesis slip grade 2

A

25-49%

75
Q

Spondylolisthesis slip grade 3

A

50-74%

76
Q

Spondylolisthesis slip grade 4

A

75-99%

77
Q

Spondylolisthesis slip grade 5

A

> /= 100% (spondyloptosis)

78
Q

can be used to evaluate the functional impairment with a disorder of one or both LE

A

Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

79
Q

Max score for LEFS

A

80

80
Q

What does a lower score in LEFS mean?

A

greater disability

81
Q

Minimal detectable change in LEFS

A

9 points

82
Q

0-20% score on Oswestry Disability Index

A

Minimal disability

83
Q

21-40% score on Oswestry Disability Index

A

Moderate disability

84
Q

41-60% score on Oswestry Disability Index

A

severe disability

85
Q

61-80% score on Oswestry Disability Index

A

crippled

86
Q

81-100%

A

bed bound or exaggerating

87
Q

Max score in Neck Disability Index

A

50

88
Q

Ankle sprain grade 1

A

Loc: AntaFi lig
Edema & Ecchy: Slight & Local
WB: Full or partial
Stretched ligaments
No instability

89
Q

Ankle sprain grade 2

A

Loc: AntaFi and CaFi ligs
Edema & Ecchy: Moderate & Local
WB: difficult s crutches
Partial ligamentous tear
No or slight instability

90
Q

Ankle sprain grade 3

A

Loc: AntaFi, PotaFi, CaFi ligs
Edema & Ecchy: Significant & Diffuse
WB: Impossible s significant pain
Complete ligamentous tear
Definite instability

91
Q

Ligamentous instability grade 1

A

0-5 mm

92
Q

Ligamentous instability grade 2

A

6-10 mm

93
Q

Ligamentous instability grade 3

A

11-15 mm

94
Q

Ligamentous instability grade 4

A

> 15 mm

95
Q

Ligamentous injury grade 1

A

tenderness to palpation s jt laxity

96
Q

Ligamentous injury grade 2

A

tenderness to palpation c jt laxity but a good endpoint

97
Q

Ligamentous injury grade 3

A

tenderness to palpation c significant jt laxity and no endpoint

98
Q

Female Athlete Triad

A

Inadequate eating
Menstrual abnormalities
Skeletal demineralization

99
Q

Two components of the “Quick Dash” assessment tool

A

disability/symptoms portion (30 items, scored 1-5)
optional high-performance sport/music or work potion (4 items, scored 1-5)

100
Q

how many items must be answered to calculate for DASH score?

A

27 out of 30

101
Q

horizontal maxillary fracture, separating the teeth from the upper face

A

Le Fort I

102
Q

pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex

A

Le Fort II

103
Q

craniofacial disjunction

A

Le Fort III

104
Q

Salter-Harris type 1

A

straight horizontal fx (S - straight)

105
Q

Salter-Harris type 2

A

(A) above

106
Q

Salter-Harris type 3

A

(L) lower or below

107
Q

Salter-Harris type 4

A

(T) through or two

108
Q

Salter-Harris type 5

A

(ER) erasure of growth

109
Q

amputation of the whole shoulder complex

A

forequarter

110
Q

removal of the humerus

A

shoulder disarticulation

111
Q

horizontal amputation of the humerus

A

transhumeral

112
Q

horizontal amputation slightly above the humerus

A

elbow disarticulation

113
Q

horizontal amputation in the forearm

A

transradial

114
Q

horizontal amputation of the wrist

A

wrist disarticulation

115
Q

horizontal amputation of the carpal bones

A

transcarpal

116
Q

horizontal amputation in the metacarpal area

A

transmetacarpal

117
Q

horizontal amputation of the phalangeal area

A

transphalangeal

118
Q

ankle disarticulation with the attachment of the heel pad to the distal end of tibia

A

syme’s amputation

119
Q

horizontal amputation of the calcaneus

A

boyd’s

120
Q

vertical amputation of the heel/calcaneus

A

pirigo

121
Q

partial tarsal amputation through the midtarsal jts

A

chopart

122
Q

complete metatarsal amputation

A

Lisfranc’s amputation

123
Q

partial metatarsal amputation through metatarsal bones

A

transmetatarsal

124
Q

T score for normal bone mineral density -1

A

-1.0 or above

125
Q

T score for pts c osteopenia

A

-1.0-(-2.5)

126
Q

T score for pts c osteoporosis

A

-2.5 or less

127
Q

T score for pts c severe osteoporosis

A

-2.5 or less

128
Q

RA class 1

A

able to perform usual ADLs

129
Q

RA class 2

A

able to perform self-care and vocational activities, but limited in avocational activities

130
Q

RA class 3

A

able to perform self-care activities, but limited in vocational and avocational activities

131
Q

RA class 4

A

limited in performing self-care, vocational, and avocational activities

132
Q

OA grade 0

A

no radiographic findings of OA

133
Q

OA grade 2

A

definite osteophytes c unimpaired jt space

133
Q

OA grade 1

A

minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significance

134
Q

OA grade 3

A

definite osteophytes c moderate jt space narrowing

135
Q

OA grade 4

A

definite osteophytes c severe jt space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis

136
Q

Used to assess back pain, RA, SLE, and fibromyalgia

A

Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)

Intro to Clinics (9 decks)

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