Gait and Function Assessment of Other Systems Flashcards
Beginning of stance when heel or some other portion of the foot contacts the ground
Initial contact
Body weight rapidly loads onto lead limb from trailing limb
Loading response
Trunk continues forward progression relative to foot. Heel rises from ground and limb achieves trailing limb posture
Terminal stance
Body weight unloads from the reference limb and reference limb prepares for swing
Pre-swing
Starts when the reference foot lifts from the ground. Hip, knee, and ankle rapidly flex for clearance and advancement during this initial 1/3 of swing
Initial swing
Thigh continues to advance, knee gegins to extend, and ankle is achieving neutral posture
Mid swing
Knee achieves maximal extension and ankle remains at neutral in preparation for initial contact
Terminal swing
6 determinants of gait
pelvic rot in horizontal plane
pelvic tilt in frontal plane
early knee flexion
weight transfer from heel to flat foot
late knee flexion in last part of stance phase
lateral displacement of pelvis toward the stance limb
angle of foot placement with respect to line progression
foot angle
length of time that a person can stand upright in the parallel bars bearing weight on both extremities
Bilateral stance time
length of time that a person can stand in upright parallel bars bearing weight on the uninvolved extremity
Uninvolved stance time
length of time that a person can stand in upright parallel bars bearing weight on the involved extremity
Involved stance time
The rate at which an individual in the parallel bars can transfer weight from one extremity to the other
Dynamic weight transfer rate
Length of time required for an individual to walk the length the of the parallel bars
parallel bar amputation
Scoring in FIST
0 to 4
0 in FIST
Dependent
1 in FIST
needs assistance
2 in FIST
UE support
3 in FIST
Needs verbal cues
4 in FIST
Independent
Walks for exercise only
physiological walkers
relies on walking to some extent for home activities. requires assistance for some activities and ues a w/c
limited household walker
able to walk for all household activities w/o reliance on w/c
unlimited household walker
enters and leaves home independently and can ascend and descend a curb independently
most-limited community walker
independence in stair management
least-limited community walker
can accept crowds and uneven terrains
community walker
scoring in Functional Independence Measure for no helper(FIM)
5-7
no. of items in FIM
18
7 in FIM ( no helper)
Complete independence; walks a min of 150 ft c no AD
6 in FIM (no helper)
Modified independence; walks a minimum of 150 ft but uses AD
5 in FIM (no helper)
Exception; subject walks 50 ft indep c/s AD
scoring in Functional Independence Measure for helper(FIM)
1-5
5 in FIM (helper)
supervision; subject requires supervision, cueing, or coaxing
4 in FIM (helper)
minimal contact assistance; subject performs 75% of the locomotion effort
3 in FIM (helper)
moderate assistance; subject performs 50-74% of locomotion effort
2 in FIM (helper)
maximal assistance; subject performs 25-49% of locomotion effort
1 in FIM (helper)
total assistance; subject performs less than 20%
Prior level of function and current level of function assessment tool
Outcome and Assessment Information Tool Set(Oasis)
An assessment composed of 13 functional tasks
CAHAI
Tests the skin’s elasticity
skin turgor test
bluish-gray discoloration of the skin
Cyanosis
Caused by hypoxia and results in color changes in the central aspect of the body
Central cyanosis
Caused by hypoxia and results in color changes in the nail beds and lips
Peripheral cyanosis
Caused by bruising and may be seen anywhere on the body
Ecchymosis
Reddened area of the skin
Erythema
Diffuse redness of face
Flushing
Caused by impaired liver function, the skin takes on a yellow-orange hue
Jaundice
The skin takes on a lighter tone
Pallor
Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots
Petechiae
ABCDE of skin lesion
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
Pressure ulcer stage I
skin changes are observable
Pressure ulcer stage II (partial-thickness)
epidermis and dermis are damaged; ulcer is superficial and presents as blister/abrasion
Pressure ulcer stage III (full-thickness skin loss)
damage through the subcutaneous tissue; appears as a deep crater
Pressure ulcer stage IV
involvement of muscle, bone, tendon, and joint capsule
Erythematous, pink, or red and presents with no blisters and a dry surface. There is delayed pain or tenderness
Epidermal burns
Bright pink or red in color and has brisk capillary refill; presents c intact blisters and is very painful to various changes
Superficial partial-thickness
Mixy red, waxy white in color and has slow capillary refill; presents with broken blisters and a wet surface
Deep partial-thickness
White, charred, or tan in color and has poor distal circulation; presents with parchment-like and leathery skin
Full thickness
Charred in color and subcutaneous tissue damage is evident
Subdermal
Rule of nines head percentage
4.5%
Rule of nines arms percentage
4.5%
Rule of nines trunk percentage
18%
Rule of nines genitalia percentage
1%
Rule of nines legs percentage
9%
Mild s/sx of dehydration
thirst
dry mouth, dry lips
Moderate s/sx of dehydration
very dry mouth
sunken eyes
poor skin turgor
postural hypotension
severe s/sx of dehydration
all signs of mod dehydration
rapid, weak pulse
confusion
cold hands and feet
indication of <0.2 ankle brachial index reading
ischemic/gangrenous extremity
indication of <0.5 ankle brachial index reading
severe peripheral arterial occlusive dse
indication of 0.5-0.8 ankle brachial index reading
moderate PAOD
indication of 0.8-0.9 ankle brachial index reading
mild PAOD
indication of 1.0-1.3 ankle brachial index reading
normal
s/sx of early shock
restlessness
tachycardia
rapid pulse
thirst, nausea, vomiting
s/sx of stage 2 shock
confusion
abrupt changes in behavior
cold, clammy skin
weak pulses
hypotension
s/sx of stage 3 shock
cyanosis
dull eyes, dilated pupils
loss of bowel control
clinical manifestations of addison’s dse
anorexia
hyperpigmentation
cardia insufficiency
diarrhea
muscle weakness
cause of addison’s dse
hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
cause of cushing syndrome
hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
clinical manifestations of cushing syndrome
thinning of scalp hair
moon face
osteoporosis
cardiac hypertrophy
easy bruising
clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism
thin hair
exophthalmos
tachycardia
weight loss
diarrhea
hyperreflexia
clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism
loss of hair
bradycardia
constipation
cold intolerance
muscle weakness
Age of onset of type 1 diabetes
< 30 y/o
Age of onset of type 2 diabetes
> 35 y/o
Insulin-dependent type of diabetes
type 1
Body weight @ onset of type 1 diabetes
normal
Body weight @ onset of type 2 diabetes
80% are obese
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity associated c liver impairment
Ascites
Warm redness of skin over the palm and soles of the feet in caucasian population
Palmar erythema
Most common cancer among males
prostate
Most common cancer among females
breast
Type of cancer that has the highest mortality rate among men
Lung and bronchus
