Musculoskeletal Assessment

Question 1

integrate with what assessment

Answer 1

neurological

Question 2

focus on what

Answer 2

-determine range of motion
-muscle strength / tone
-condition of muscles
rigidity: stiffened msucle
*contractures: can’t bend = immobile
-assess loss of function
single sided weakness

Question 3

foot droop/dragging why

Answer 3

• loss of muscles on top of foot

- risk for falls

Question 4

hypertonicity

Answer 4

excess muscle tone
ex/ body building
-spasticity: spontaneous spams (ex/ parkinsons)

Question 5

hypotonicity

Answer 5

low muscle tone
ex/ flabby
flaccidity (can’t go against resistance)

Question 6

kyphosis

Answer 6

HUMP BACK: shorter when older
exaggeration of posterior thoracic spine curv
-can be caused by osteoporosis

Question 7

osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 7

• little or no physical activity
• low calcium intake 70, male > 80
• race: paler skin more likely

Question 8

more osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 8

• family history of osteo
• nulliparous (no children)
• menopause before 40
• constant dieting
• scoliosis, rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune disease where body attacks joints)
• metabolic disorders (diabetes, hyperthyroidism)
• drugs that decrease bone density
• poor teeth
• previous fractures

Question 9

osteoporosis screening

Answer 9

• *DXA (Bone Desitometry Test) or BMD (Bone Mineral Density Test) at 40-60
• DXA ultrasound of heel, x-ray of spine or hip

Question 10

lordosis

Answer 10

• swayback (LOOKS LIKE POPPING BUTT OUT)

- increase lumbar curvature

Question 11

scoliosis

Answer 11

-lateral curvature in spine
(vertical curve)
COULD DIE IF NOT FIXED

Question 12

observe extremities (7)

Answer 12

-size, deformities, bone enlargement, alignment, position, symmetry, skin folds

Question 13

in joints, listen for what

-means what

Answer 13

crepitus: knee joint back & forth “crunchiness”

- air seeped into subcutaneous tissue

Question 14

atrophy

Answer 14

muscle wasting

ex/ have cast on take it off = muscle loss

Question 15

passive

Answer 15

you move the patient

Question 16

active

Answer 16

when patient can move themselves

Question 17

positions: prone

Answer 17

on belly, face down

Question 18

positions: supine

Answer 18

on back, face up (pressure ulcer)

Question 19

sims

Answer 19

lying on left-side

Question 20

fowlers

Answer 20

head @ 45` w/ supine (ppl w/ breathing probs)

Question 21

semi-fowlers

Answer 21

30`

Question 22

dorsal recumbent

Answer 22

supine w/ knees flexed

Question 23

lithotomy

Answer 23

OBGYN in stirrups

Question 24

knee-chest

Answer 24

face down w/ knees to chest

Question 25

trendelenburg

Answer 25

flat w/ head low & extremities elevated (feet higher than head)
for hypotensive ppl, increase blood flow to head and heart