Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards
integrate with what assessment
neurological
focus on what
-determine range of motion
-muscle strength / tone
-condition of muscles
rigidity: stiffened msucle
*contractures: can’t bend = immobile
-assess loss of function
single sided weakness
foot droop/dragging why
- loss of muscles on top of foot
- risk for falls
hypertonicity
excess muscle tone
ex/ body building
-spasticity: spontaneous spams (ex/ parkinsons)
hypotonicity
low muscle tone
ex/ flabby
flaccidity (can’t go against resistance)
kyphosis
HUMP BACK: shorter when older
exaggeration of posterior thoracic spine curv
-can be caused by osteoporosis
osteoporosis risk factors
- little or no physical activity
- low calcium intake 70, male > 80
- race: paler skin more likely
more osteoporosis risk factors
- family history of osteo
- nulliparous (no children)
- menopause before 40
- constant dieting
- scoliosis, rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune disease where body attacks joints)
- metabolic disorders (diabetes, hyperthyroidism)
- drugs that decrease bone density
- poor teeth
- previous fractures
osteoporosis screening
- *DXA (Bone Desitometry Test) or BMD (Bone Mineral Density Test) at 40-60
- DXA ultrasound of heel, x-ray of spine or hip
lordosis
- swayback (LOOKS LIKE POPPING BUTT OUT)
- increase lumbar curvature
scoliosis
-lateral curvature in spine
(vertical curve)
COULD DIE IF NOT FIXED
observe extremities (7)
-size, deformities, bone enlargement, alignment, position, symmetry, skin folds
in joints, listen for what
-means what
crepitus: knee joint back & forth “crunchiness”
- air seeped into subcutaneous tissue
atrophy
muscle wasting
ex/ have cast on take it off = muscle loss
passive
you move the patient
active
when patient can move themselves
positions: prone
on belly, face down
positions: supine
on back, face up (pressure ulcer)
sims
lying on left-side
fowlers
head @ 45` w/ supine (ppl w/ breathing probs)
semi-fowlers
30`
dorsal recumbent
supine w/ knees flexed
lithotomy
OBGYN in stirrups
knee-chest
face down w/ knees to chest
trendelenburg
flat w/ head low & extremities elevated (feet higher than head)
for hypotensive ppl, increase blood flow to head and heart
