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Assessment FINAL > Abdominal Assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal structures (7)

A

1) gastrointestinal system (GI)
2) urinary tract
3) reproductive tract
4) part of cardiovasc
5) parts of nervous ex/ spinal cord
6) blood forming organs ex/ spleen
7) immune system

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2
Q

abdominal landmarks

A

1) right upper quad
2) left upper quad
3) right lower quad
4) left lower quad

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3
Q

right upper quad contains what (5)

A

1) liver & gallbladder
2) duodenum
3) head of pancreas
4) right adrenal gland & right kidney
5) ascending & transverse colon (portions)

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4
Q

left upper quad contains (6)

A

1) liver (left lobe)
2) stomach*
3) spleen*
4) body of pancreas
5) transverse & descending colon (portions)
6) left adrenal & kidney

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5
Q

right lower quad (6)

-what complication can occur here

A

1) appendix*
2) cecum
3) right kidney (portion)
4) ovary (right) & fallopian tube
5) ascending colon
6) ureter (right)
- APPENDICITUS

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6
Q

left lower quad (5)

-what complication can occur here

A

1) left kidney
2) descending colon*
3) sigmoid colon*
4) ovary (left) & fallopian tube
5) ureter (left)
- DIVERTICULITIS: inflammed pocket of colon

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7
Q

abdominal history

A
  • appetite and weight
  • difficulty swallowing/chewing
  • pain/tenderness (OLDCART)
  • nausea & vom
  • food intolerance
  • alcohol
  • health care occupation
  • hep b exposure
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8
Q

abdominal history cont

A
  • usual bowel habits “how often”
  • rectal probs
  • past abdominal history (surgeries, trauma, diagnostic tests)
  • current meds: NSAIDS (ibuprofen, motrin, aspirin), steroids, antibiotics
  • current nutrition “can you recall what you ate in the last 24 hours”
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9
Q

bowel elimination

  • natural laxatives
  • characteristics of stool
A
  • patterns vary widely 1-2 x’s a day to 2-3 x’s a week
  • natural laxatives: prune juice, bran & fiber
  • characteristics of stool: consistency (amount, color, shape, odor & presence of unusual matter ex/ blood)
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10
Q

color of stool

A

black: iron or upper GI bleed
red: low GI bleed or hemorrhoids
black tarry-melena: blood in GI tract
white or clay-color: lack of bile

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11
Q

factors affecting bowel function (9)

A
  • age
  • life-style
  • diet (fiber intake)
  • exercise
  • meds, anesthesia (slows down GI motility, increase constipation)
  • pain
  • tissue inquiry
  • hydration
  • habits
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12
Q

alterations in bowel functions (6)

A

1) constipation
2) diarrhea
- liquid watery stool; electrolyte loss
3) incontinence
- loss of bowel control
4) flatulence
5) fecal impaction
6) distention
- acidic fluid collected in belly (bloating)

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13
Q

urinary elimination

A

-5 x’s day while awake
-look at color, odor, amount
if <30 cc/hr, CALL DOC

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14
Q

factors affecting urinary elimination (4)

A

1) fluid intake
2) age
3) health status ex/ diabetes
4) emotional state

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15
Q

alterations in urinary elimination (lots)

A

-incontinence (loss of urine / bowel)

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16
Q

enuresis

A

bed wetting

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17
Q

nocturia

A

increase urination at night

18
Q

oliguria

A

urinary output of <420 ml in 24 hours

19
Q

polyuria

A

increase urination

20
Q

retention

A

can get UTI’s; when you pee do you have to go soon after

21
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty / pain w/ peeing

22
Q

pyuria

A

puss in urine

23
Q

anuria

A

no urine output

24
Q

stress incontinence

A

cough / sneeze -> pee a little

25
Q

nutritional disorders (4)

A

1) kwashiokor
2) marasmus
3) cachexia
4) anorexia nervosa / bulimia

26
Q

cachexia

A

malnutrition/wasting; most often secondary to cancer

-muscle wasting = human skeletons

27
Q

kwashiokor

A

malnutrition that develops when babies are weaned form breast milk w/ out proper protein intake

28
Q

maramus

A

secondary to protein & calorie deficiency

  • gradual starvation
  • may be secondary to acute illness
29
Q

order done on a physical exam

A

1) inspect
2) auscultate
3) percuss
4) palpate
- if push then listen = produce false bowel sounds

30
Q

inspection

-skin

A
  • scars
  • striae: stretch marks d/t weight loss, prego, ect.; purple color)
  • rashes, lesion, or masses
31
Q

inspection

-contour

A

normal: slightly convex or flat
obese: rounded
abnormal: swollen, distended, bulging
(bulging can indicate hernia; when cough can see)

32
Q

inspection

-muscle tone & symmetry

A
  • color
  • contour
  • location
  • visible peristalis
  • pulsations (super thin ppl)
  • signs of pain: GUARDING always indicated sever probs
33
Q

auscultation

  • diaphragm assesses what
  • bell assesses what
A

always auscultate BEFORE palpate for abdominal

diaphragm: bowel soudsn
bell: vascular sounds over aorta

34
Q

in abdominal assessment; where do you being?

A

RIGHT LOWER QUAD

35
Q

bowel sounds

  • active
  • absent
A

active: gurgling, high-pitched occur about 5-35 times/min
absent: may be secondary to bowel obstruction, abdominal surgery, paralytic ileum (dont move efficiently as should) or peritonitis (inflammation of perotilic cavity; very tender stomach)

36
Q

how long should you listen in each quad

A

min of 1 minute each if absent bowel sounds

37
Q

hypoactive bowel sounds

A

decreased, diminished bowel sounds may be due to:

-surgery, NPO status, inflammation or fluid imbalance

38
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds

A

increased bowel sounds, often w/

-diarrhea, could be early sign of obstruction

39
Q

borborygmi

A 
stomach growling (outloud)
-increase frequency/intensity of bowel sounds w/
diaherra, hunger, inflammation, bleeding, anxiety
40
Q

palpation

A
  • note size, position, mobility, consistency, tension of major organs
  • tenderness (leave most tender for last)*
41
Q

light palpation

-purpose

A
  • press gently 1/2 inch

purpose: localize pain, mases, or tender organs

42
Q

deep palpation

-purpose

A
  • press firmly 1-3 inches
  • when can feel organs*
  • use 1-2 hands, for pressure & palp
    purpose: to indicate abdominal organs, enlarged organs, locate abdominal masses

Assessment FINAL (10 decks)

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