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Health Assesement 125 > Musculoskeletal Assesement > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assesement Flashcards

1
Q

How do you identify an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Shoulder appears squared off, with the rounded lateral section flat

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2
Q

How is the TMJ assessed with palpation?

A

Palpate the temples as patient opens, closes, protrusion, lateral and reactive movements

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3
Q

What might indicate a disorder of the TMJ?

A

Unilateral chronic pain with use, swelling and redness

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4
Q

What are the 3 joints of shoulder movement?

A
  1. Acromioclavicular
  2. Glenohumeral
  3. Sternoclavicular
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5
Q

What is the principle bursa of the shoulder?

A

Subacromial bursa

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6
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps tendon run?

A

Through the bicepital groove on the anterior of the humerus

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7
Q

How do you palpate the SITS muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Extend the arm manually, posteriorly, before palpating the posterior side of the shoulder

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8
Q

What are the 6 cardinal shoulder movements?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extention
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Internal rotation
  6. External rotation
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9
Q

What is the apprehension test?

A

Indicates anterior instability of the glenohumoral joint; when the shoulder is externally rotated, pain or discomfort may be felt

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10
Q

What is scapular winging?

A

The overprominance of the medial border of the scapular due to muscle weakness or long thoracic nerve issues

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11
Q

What does the crossover test indicate

A

Pain at the acromioclavicular joint with shoulder adduction

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12
Q

What is the Apley Scratch test?

A

The patient reaches for the opposite scapula superiorly and inferiorly: there should be no pain

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13
Q

What is the painful arc test

A

A full abduction of the shoulder from 0-180°; pain between 60-120° suggests rotator cuff issues

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14
Q

What is the Neer impingement sign?

A

Pain during a flexion indicates subacromial impingement; patient’s arm is raised anteriorly with the scapula held from moving.

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15
Q

What is the Hawkins impingement sign?

A

Pain during rotation indicates supraspinatus impingement; patient’s shoulder is flexed to 90° with hand pronated, then rotate the arm internally

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16
Q

What is the external rotation lag test?

A

A patient’s arm is flexed with elbows in, then externally rotated. Inability to keep the arm rotated undicstes supra/infraspinatus disorder

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17
Q

What is the internal rotation lag test?

A

Dorsum of the hand is placed on the small of the back. Inability to keep the hand off of the back incicates subscapularis disorder

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18
Q

What is the drop-arm test?

A

Patient will lower arm from lateral 90° raise; weakness indicates supraspinatus tear or bicipital tendinitis

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19
Q

What is the external rotation resistance test?

A

With elbows bent and at their sides, and thumbs up, patient resists pressure esternally; pain or weakness indicates infraspinatus disorder

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20
Q

What is the empty can test?

A

Patients pronated elavated arms beyond flat, then resist downward pressure; weakness is indicative of a supraspinatus tear

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21
Q

What is Speed’s test?

A

Patient forward flexes their shoulder through resistance; pain in the bicepital groove is indicative of bicepital tendinitis

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22
Q

What angle should the elbow be flexed for assesement?

A

70°

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23
Q

What is Olecranon Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the olecranon bursa

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24
Q

What is elboy synovitis?

A

Inflammation/injustice of the elbow joint and synovial membrane

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25
What is the Cozen test?
With a stabilized elbow, patient extends their wrist against resistance; pain on the lateral aspect may be indicative of tennis elbow/lateral epicondilitis
26
What is the anatomic snuffbox?
The dip of the wrist joint most lateral
27
Where should sensation of the hand be tested?
* Tip of the middle finger (Median nerve) * Tip of the pinky (Ulnar nerve) * Dorsal web space (Radial nerve)
28
What are Heberden nodes?
Hard, painless dorsolateral nodes located on DIP joints
29
What are Boushard nodes
Hard, painless dorsolateral nodes located on PIP joints
30
What is a swan neck deformity?
Sign seen in chronic Rheumatoid arthritis where the PIP joint hyperextends and DIP joint flexes
31
What is the boutonierre deformity?
Sign seen in chronic Rheumatoid arthritis where the PIP joint flexes and DIP joint hyperextends
32
What are tophi?
Crystalized deposits of urea in the phalangeal joints associated with chronic topaceous gout
33
What are ganglion cysts?
Round, non-tender masses below the surface of the skin found frequently on the dorsum of the wrist
34
What is Finklestein's test?
Patients wrist is deviated laterally while grasping their thumb in a pronated fist; pain is indicative of De Quervain's tenosynovitis
35
How is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome tested?
Weakness of thumb abduction and oposition, median neuropathy
36
What is the Tinel sign?
Shooting pain or worsened numbness when the median nerve is tapped through the carpal tunnel
37
What is the Phalen sign?
Numbness or tingling in the median nerve when the dorsums of the hands are kept together for 60s
38
What are the largest indications of scoliosis?
* lateral curvature of the spine * unequal scapular height
39
What is the Spurling test?
Patient looks up and to the side, where pressure is placed down on the head; pain down the arm on the side of hear turn is indicative of cervical nerve root compression
40
Straight left raise test
Patient's leg is raised and the foot dorsiflexed; pain is indicative of Lumbosacral radiculopathy
41
What is the FADIR test?
The leg id flexed, adducted and internally roated; pain is indicative of Pereformis syndrome
42
What does a wide-based gait suggest?
Poor balance (from a multitude of origins)
43
What is a Trendelenburg gait?
A gait with a pelvis drop/"hip pop" due to difference in leg length or hip arthritis
44
What is indicative of intraarticular pathology?
Pain through the hip that radiates to the thigh
45
What is the FABER test?
Patient's leg is flexed, abducted, and externally rotated; pain in the hip may be indicative of groin strain or hip pathology
46
What is the Kendall test?
Supine patient should flex their hip until lumbar spine is against examining table; controlateral raising of effected hip is indicative of hip flexion deformity
47
What might a loss of hollows beside the patella indicate?
Swelling in/of the knee joint
48
What is a Baker's cyst?
A cyst in the popliteal region due to distension of the bursa
49
What is thr bulge sign?
Large presence of fluid laterally with downward pressure from the quadriceps and pressure on medial knee; indicative of knee effusion
50
What is the balloon sign?
Fluid buildup due to downward pressure from the quads and upwards from the shins; indicative of major knee effusion
51
What is the medial McMurray test?
Knee should be flexed and brought to chest with the lower leg externally rotated - extend the leg in this position; clicks or tenderness may indicate medial meniscus tear
52
What is the lateral McMurray test?
Knee should be flexed and brought to chest with the lower leg internally rotated - extend the leg in this position; clicks or tenderness may indicate lateral meniscus tear
53
What is the Valgus stress test?
Push knee medially while pulling ankle laterally; excessive widening of the medial joint space may indicate an MCL tear
54
What is the Varus stress test?
Pull knee laterally while pushing ankle medially; excessive widening of the lateral joint space may indicate an LCL tear
55
What is the Lachman test?
With slight flexion and external rotation of the knee, pull the femur back and the tibia forwards suddenly; excessive movement indicates an ACL tear
56
What is the posterior drawer sign?
Excessive movement when the tibia of a slightly flexed knee is suddenly pushed back; indicates a PCL tear
57
Which points do the Ottowa Ankle and Foot Rules concern?
* Posterior medial malleolus * Lateral medial Malleolus * Navicular * Base of fifth metatarsal
58
How is the achilles tendon assesed?
When the calf is squeezed, the ankle should plantarflex
59
Describe flexion
Decreasing the angle between bones of a joint
60
Describe Extention
Increasing the angle between bones of a joint
61
Describe hyperextension
Extention beyond the neutral position
62
Describe abduction
Movement of a part away from the midline
63
Describe adduction
Movement of a part towards the midline
64
Describe rotation
Turning a joint around a longitudinal axis
65
Describe circumduction
Circular motion encompassing flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
66
Describe inversion
Tilting the sole of the foot inward
67
Describe eversion
Tilting the sole of the foot outward
68
Describe protraction
Moving a body part forward (parallel to the ground)
69
Describe retraction
Moving a body part backwards (parallel to the ground)
70
Describe depression
Moving a body part downwards
71
Describe opposition
Moving the thumb to little finger
72
Describe elevation
Moving a body part upwards
73
What is the Morse fall scale?
The scale used by nurses to determine whether or not patients are at risk for falling
74
What are the 6 areas of assesement for the Morse fall scale?
1. History of falling within 3 months 2. Secondary diagnosis 3. Ambulatory aid 4. IV/heparin lock 5. Gait/transferring 6. Mental status

Health Assesement 125 (12 decks)

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