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Funds 3 exam > Musculoskeletal- 7 Questions > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal- 7 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Assessment of musculoskeletal includes?

A

 Range of motion
 Muscle Strength and tone
 Joint and muscle condition

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2
Q

What should you check for ?

A

Gait and posture

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3
Q

What is GAIT?

A

Movement, balance, trunk position, assistive devices or assistance?

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4
Q

How do you observe a patients GAIT?

A

When they walk in the room and make sure the patient is unaware. Later have the patient walk in a straight line back to the origin point

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5
Q

How should arms be when patient walks?

A

Freely swinging at the sides

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6
Q

What should you note with GAIT?

A

How patient walks, sits, and rises from seated position. If they limp, shuffle, and position of the trunk in relation to legs

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7
Q

How is older adults GAIT?

A

smaller steps and wider base support

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8
Q

How should you assess posture?

A

Anterior, Posterior, and side.

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9
Q

What two things you should assess for posture?

A

Standing and sitting

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10
Q

What is normal posture?

A

standing with upright, parallel alignment of the hips and shoulders

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11
Q

For posture note normal:

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar curves

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12
Q

What is Lordosis ?

A

(Swayback) is an increased lumbar curvature. Its an exaggerated curve INWARD of the LOWERBACK
Common in older adults

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13
Q

What is kyphosis ?

A

(Hunchback) is an exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. UPPER back sticks out.

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14
Q

What is scoliosis ?

A

(S Shaped) is a lateral spinal curvature, assess from the side and back views, Scaps and shoulders uneven

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15
Q

What is the two things about Osteoporosis?

A

Lose of bone mass and bone tissue

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16
Q

What is Osteoporosis?

A

systemic skeletal condition where someone losses bone mass and bone tissue.

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17
Q

Who is commonly effected by Osteoporosis?

A

Women over 50 years old and patients who are immobile.

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18
Q

What is the first sign of Osteoporosis?

A

Loss of height because of fractures in the spine

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19
Q

What should you assess for or get for patients with Osteoporosis?

A

Current height-maximum height= total height change

20
Q

What is the second sign of Osteoporosis?

A

Bone fractures

21
Q

What scan should you do for Osteoporosis?

A

Bone density scan

22
Q

What do you inspect for general inspection?

A

Deformities, bony alignment, alignment, and symmetry.

23
Q

How should the symmetry be of someone?

A

Bilateral symmetry in length, circumference, alignment, position, and number in skinfolds.

24
Q

How should the muscles be when palpating ?

A

Firm

25
Q

When palpating what should you note?

A

Heat, tenderness, edema, or resistance to pressure.

26
Q

What is atrophy muscle?

A

Muscle feels soft, decrease in size.

27
Q

Who is most common to suffer from atrophy?

A

someone in a cast or immobile

28
Q

What is Range of Motion?

A

Max range that joints move

29
Q

What is active ROM?

A

The patient can independently move the joints

30
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

The nurse is moving the patient through ROM exercises

31
Q

What is active assistance?

A

Patient can move the joint with assistance from the nurse.

32
Q

What is joint contracture ?

A

When a joint abnormally gets “fixed” and cannot move in full range of motion anymore. Can be permanent because muscle is not used=atrophy

33
Q

What is foot drop?

A

permanently fixed in plantar (down) flexion

34
Q

Normal muscle tone?

A

there should be just a slight resistance to movement

35
Q

Hypertonicity (increased tone)

A

considerable resistance to any sudden passive movement
of a joint

36
Q

Hypotonicity (little tone)

A

the muscle feels flabby, and the extremity hangs loosely

37
Q

Flexion

A

Movement decreasing angle between two adjoining bones; bending of limb

38
Q

Extension

A

Movement increasing angle between two adjoining bones

38
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of extremity away from midline of body

39
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of extremity toward midline of body

40
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of toes and foot upward

41
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending of toes and foot downward

42
Q

Muscle strength grading scale?

A

0-5 and compare both sides at same time

43
Q

How do you do elbow and hip resistance ?

A

Against flexion and extension

44
Q

How to assess grip strength?

A

patient squeezes fingers

45
Q

How to assess lower extremities strength?

A

Resistance against plantar flexion gas pedal.

Funds 3 exam (9 decks)

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