Musculoskeletal- 7 Questions

Question 1

Assessment of musculoskeletal includes?

Answer 1

 Range of motion
 Muscle Strength and tone
 Joint and muscle condition

Question 2

What should you check for ?

Answer 2

Gait and posture

Question 3

What is GAIT?

Answer 3

Movement, balance, trunk position, assistive devices or assistance?

Question 4

How do you observe a patients GAIT?

Answer 4

When they walk in the room and make sure the patient is unaware. Later have the patient walk in a straight line back to the origin point

Question 5

How should arms be when patient walks?

Answer 5

Freely swinging at the sides

Question 6

What should you note with GAIT?

Answer 6

How patient walks, sits, and rises from seated position. If they limp, shuffle, and position of the trunk in relation to legs

Question 7

How is older adults GAIT?

Answer 7

smaller steps and wider base support

Question 8

How should you assess posture?

Answer 8

Anterior, Posterior, and side.

Question 9

What two things you should assess for posture?

Answer 9

Standing and sitting

Question 10

What is normal posture?

Answer 10

standing with upright, parallel alignment of the hips and shoulders

Question 11

For posture note normal:

Answer 11

cervical, thoracic, lumbar curves

Question 12

What is Lordosis ?

Answer 12

(Swayback) is an increased lumbar curvature. Its an exaggerated curve INWARD of the LOWERBACK
Common in older adults

Question 13

What is kyphosis ?

Answer 13

(Hunchback) is an exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. UPPER back sticks out.

Question 14

What is scoliosis ?

Answer 14

(S Shaped) is a lateral spinal curvature, assess from the side and back views, Scaps and shoulders uneven

Question 15

What is the two things about Osteoporosis?

Answer 15

Lose of bone mass and bone tissue

Question 16

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 16

systemic skeletal condition where someone losses bone mass and bone tissue.

Question 17

Who is commonly effected by Osteoporosis?

Answer 17

Women over 50 years old and patients who are immobile.

Question 18

What is the first sign of Osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Loss of height because of fractures in the spine

Question 19

What should you assess for or get for patients with Osteoporosis?

Answer 19

Current height-maximum height= total height change

Question 20

What is the second sign of Osteoporosis?

Answer 20

Bone fractures

Question 21

What scan should you do for Osteoporosis?

Answer 21

Bone density scan

Question 22

What do you inspect for general inspection?

Answer 22

Deformities, bony alignment, alignment, and symmetry.

Question 23

How should the symmetry be of someone?

Answer 23

Bilateral symmetry in length, circumference, alignment, position, and number in skinfolds.

Question 24

How should the muscles be when palpating ?

Answer 24

Firm

Question 25

When palpating what should you note?

Answer 25

Heat, tenderness, edema, or resistance to pressure.

Question 26

What is atrophy muscle?

Answer 26

Muscle feels soft, decrease in size.

Question 27

Who is most common to suffer from atrophy?

Answer 27

someone in a cast or immobile

Question 28

What is Range of Motion?

Answer 28

Max range that joints move

Question 29

What is active ROM?

Answer 29

The patient can independently move the joints

Question 30

What is passive ROM?

Answer 30

The nurse is moving the patient through ROM exercises

Question 31

What is active assistance?

Answer 31

Patient can move the joint with assistance from the nurse.

Question 32

What is joint contracture ?

Answer 32

When a joint abnormally gets "fixed" and cannot move in full range of motion anymore. Can be permanent because muscle is not used=atrophy

Question 33

What is foot drop?

Answer 33

permanently fixed in plantar (down) flexion

Question 34

Normal muscle tone?

Answer 34

there should be just a slight resistance to movement

Question 35

Hypertonicity (increased tone)

Answer 35

considerable resistance to any sudden passive movement of a joint

Question 36

Hypotonicity (little tone)

Answer 36

the muscle feels flabby, and the extremity hangs loosely

Question 37

Flexion

Answer 37

Movement decreasing angle between two adjoining bones; bending of limb

Question 38

Extension

Answer 38

Movement increasing angle between two adjoining bones

Question 38

Abduction

Answer 38

Movement of extremity away from midline of body

Question 39

Adduction

Answer 39

Movement of extremity toward midline of body

Question 40

Dorsiflexion

Answer 40

Flexion of toes and foot upward

Question 41

Plantar flexion

Answer 41

Bending of toes and foot downward

Question 42

Muscle strength grading scale?

Answer 42

0-5 and compare both sides at same time

Question 43

How do you do elbow and hip resistance ?

Answer 43

Against flexion and extension

Question 44

How to assess grip strength?

Answer 44

patient squeezes fingers

Question 45

How to assess lower extremities strength?

Answer 45

Resistance against plantar flexion gas pedal.