Musculoskeletal- 7 Questions Flashcards
Assessment of musculoskeletal includes?
Range of motion
Muscle Strength and tone
Joint and muscle condition
What should you check for ?
Gait and posture
What is GAIT?
Movement, balance, trunk position, assistive devices or assistance?
How do you observe a patients GAIT?
When they walk in the room and make sure the patient is unaware. Later have the patient walk in a straight line back to the origin point
How should arms be when patient walks?
Freely swinging at the sides
What should you note with GAIT?
How patient walks, sits, and rises from seated position. If they limp, shuffle, and position of the trunk in relation to legs
How is older adults GAIT?
smaller steps and wider base support
How should you assess posture?
Anterior, Posterior, and side.
What two things you should assess for posture?
Standing and sitting
What is normal posture?
standing with upright, parallel alignment of the hips and shoulders
For posture note normal:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar curves
What is Lordosis ?
(Swayback) is an increased lumbar curvature. Its an exaggerated curve INWARD of the LOWERBACK
Common in older adults
What is kyphosis ?
(Hunchback) is an exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. UPPER back sticks out.
What is scoliosis ?
(S Shaped) is a lateral spinal curvature, assess from the side and back views, Scaps and shoulders uneven
What is the two things about Osteoporosis?
Lose of bone mass and bone tissue
What is Osteoporosis?
systemic skeletal condition where someone losses bone mass and bone tissue.
Who is commonly effected by Osteoporosis?
Women over 50 years old and patients who are immobile.
What is the first sign of Osteoporosis?
Loss of height because of fractures in the spine
What should you assess for or get for patients with Osteoporosis?
Current height-maximum height= total height change
What is the second sign of Osteoporosis?
Bone fractures
What scan should you do for Osteoporosis?
Bone density scan
What do you inspect for general inspection?
Deformities, bony alignment, alignment, and symmetry.
How should the symmetry be of someone?
Bilateral symmetry in length, circumference, alignment, position, and number in skinfolds.
How should the muscles be when palpating ?
Firm
When palpating what should you note?
Heat, tenderness, edema, or resistance to pressure.
What is atrophy muscle?
Muscle feels soft, decrease in size.
Who is most common to suffer from atrophy?
someone in a cast or immobile
What is Range of Motion?
Max range that joints move
What is active ROM?
The patient can independently move the joints
What is passive ROM?
The nurse is moving the patient through ROM exercises
What is active assistance?
Patient can move the joint with assistance from the nurse.
What is joint contracture ?
When a joint abnormally gets “fixed” and cannot move in full range of motion anymore. Can be permanent because muscle is not used=atrophy
What is foot drop?
permanently fixed in plantar (down) flexion
Normal muscle tone?
there should be just a slight resistance to movement
Hypertonicity (increased tone)
considerable resistance to any sudden passive movement
of a joint
Hypotonicity (little tone)
the muscle feels flabby, and the extremity hangs loosely
Flexion
Movement decreasing angle between two adjoining bones; bending of limb
Extension
Movement increasing angle between two adjoining bones
Abduction
Movement of extremity away from midline of body
Adduction
Movement of extremity toward midline of body
Dorsiflexion
Flexion of toes and foot upward
Plantar flexion
Bending of toes and foot downward
Muscle strength grading scale?
0-5 and compare both sides at same time
How do you do elbow and hip resistance ?
Against flexion and extension
How to assess grip strength?
patient squeezes fingers
How to assess lower extremities strength?
Resistance against plantar flexion gas pedal.
