Musculoskeletal

Question 1

ligaments connect

Answer 1

bone to bone

Question 2

tendons connect

Answer 2

muscle to bone

Question 3

injury to a ligament, surrounding the joint and is caused by wrenching or twisting

Answer 3

sprain

Question 4

what are the 3 classifications of a sprain

Answer 4

1st= mild, only mild tear, tender and mild swelling
2nd= moderate or partial disruption of tissue, with more swelling, tenderness and bruising
3rd= severe, complete tear of ligament

Question 5

excessive stretching of a muscle, its fascial sheeth, or tendon (mostly occurs in button, quads, hammies, calf)

Answer 5

strain

Question 6

what are the 3 classifications of a strain

Answer 6

1st= mild, slightly pulled
2nd= moderately torn muscle
3rd= severely torn or ruptured muscle

Question 7

how can you tell if a tendon is ruptured

Answer 7

seeing the muscle rolling up under skin- pain and aggravated with use, local inflammatory process, degree of loss of movement, edema

Question 8

what can we teach a pt about preventing sprains and strains

Answer 8

warm up, stretching exercises, start gradually

Question 9

what intervention can we do for strains and sprains

Answer 9

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Question 10

disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of the bone

Answer 10

fractures

Question 11

what is a complete fracture

Answer 11

break is completely through the bone

Question 12

what is an incomplete fracture

Answer 12

bone is still in one piece

Question 13

what is a displaced fracture

Answer 13

two ends separated from one another (not in alignment)

Question 14

what is a non displaced fracture

Answer 14

periosteum is intact and bone is aligned

Question 15

what should you do if you suspect a fracture

Answer 15

IMMOBILIZE to be safe

Question 16

what is purpose of traction

Answer 16

prevent or decrease pain and muscle spasm
immobilize joint
reduce fracture of dislocation

Question 17

pulling force to attain realignment- counteraction plus in opposite direction

Answer 17

traction

Question 18

how much weight is applied to skin traction

Answer 18

5-10lbs

Question 19

what type of traction is long term pull to maintain alignment

Answer 19

skeletal traction

Question 20

how much weight is applied for skeletal traction

Answer 20

5-45lbs

Question 21

what are complications of skeletal traction

Answer 21

infection, immobility, malunion

Question 22

a cast typically incorporates joints _____ and _____ fractures so theres no ____ and _____ movement

Answer 22

above and below; muscle and tendon

Question 23

how would you immobilize the lower extremity

Answer 23

elevate above heart
dont place in dependent position
oserve for compartment syndrome

Question 24

what should you not do when you have a cast on

Answer 24

don’t pull padding out, don’t keep plastic covering on it, don’t stick anything inside cast to itch

Question 25

what is the main assesment to do on these patients

Answer 25

neurovascular assessment | six P's

Question 26

if you suspect a patient has compartment syndrome what should you NOT do

Answer 26

dont elevatate, and don't apply ice

Question 27

compartment syndrome can also cause

Answer 27

rhabdo myolysis (breakdown of muscle precipitates into renal tubules and injures kidneys)

Question 28

if nothing relieves pressure from compartment syndrome then what is done

Answer 28

fasciotomy (left open to get swelling to go away)

Question 29

what could happen if the post op patient is inactive, don't not wear anti embolism socks, and does not do ROM exercises

Answer 29

a DVT could occur

Question 30

who are more prone to hip fx

Answer 30

women due to osteoporosis

Question 31

a dislocation is

Answer 31

popped out of place

Question 32

a subluxation is

Answer 32

partial or incomplete dislocation

Question 33

a dislocation and a subluxation should be

Answer 33

emergently reduced and immobilized

Question 34

how will a total hip or hip dislocation be immobilized

Answer 34

using an abduction pillow (trying to limit movement of the hip and knee (above and below))

Question 35

why do most people get an amputation

Answer 35

happens because of peripheral vascular disease (seen in diabetics)

Question 36

what do you not want to do to a pt stump after amputation

Answer 36

do NOT elevate by pillow because blood flow is not getting to area and hip will freeze in that position

Question 37

what are the risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 37

age, estrogen reduction at menopause, obesity, injury, frequent kneeling and stooping, smoking, genetic

Question 38

osteoarthritis is a ____ inflammatory disease that happens in the JOINT caused by repeated ____ or repeated ______

Answer 38

non inflammatory; use/movement

Question 39

if you have injury to a joint will you most likely have OA in that joint as you age

Answer 39

YES

Question 40

what are clinical madifestations of OA

Answer 40

pain with movement but relieved by rest | joint deformities

Question 41

if someone is having gait problems and if they have had an injury a long time ago what should you measure

Answer 41

length of their legs

Question 42

what are diagnostic studies for OA

Answer 42

bone scan, CT, MRI (early joint changes) | X-ray

Question 43

what nursing assessment should be done on OA pt

Answer 43

joint pain and stiffness ask how much it impairs ADL capare to opposite side pain management practices

Question 44

what health promotion could you implement for people with OA

Answer 44

``` weight loss exercise don't take medication stronger than tylenol or aspirin proper body mechanics nutrition clean floors assistive devices ```