Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 4 > fluid and lytes > Flashcards

fluid and lytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 function of fluid and electrolytes

A
  1. promote neuro muscular irritibility
  2. maintain body fluid osmolality
  3. regulate acid base balance
  4. regulate distribution of body fluids among body fluid compartments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what factors influence body fluids

A

age, gender, body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

obese people with have _____ fluid than those who are thin

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the highest amount of water fun in

A

muscle, skin and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is third spacing and what causes this

A

when too much fluid from the blood nestles move into the interstitial space; caused by ascites, burns, peritonitis, bowel obstructions, massive bleeding in a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 5 cations (+charge)

A

Na, K, Ca, Mg, H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the anions (- charge)

A

Cl, HCO3, Phos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

osmolality should range from

A

280-300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gets things back to normal (homeostasis)

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

moves from high concentration to lower concentration

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

separates unwanted materials

A

filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

protein transports sodium and potassium across membranes

A

sodium-potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if kidneys do NOT work then what happens to your lytes lab values

A

will most likely be abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normal sodium lab value

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if there is a decrease in serum Na this means

A

diluted ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if there is an increase in serum Na this means

A

concentrated ECF (H2O pulled out of cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when Na moves into a cell what moves out of the cell

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

water follows

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of sodium controls _____ distribution, and has a great deal to do with our _____ and ______ function

A

H2O; muscle and nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal potassium level

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

potassium influences both ______ and _______ activity

A

CARDIAC; muscle

22
Q

what is the #1 cause of hyperkalemia

A

renal failure

23
Q

what foods have potassium

A

banana, apricots, cantalope, green leafy veggies

24
Q

what is the normal calcium lab values

A

8.6-10.2 mg/dl

25
Q

what are the 3 forms Ca is found in

A

bound, ionized, complexed

26
Q

where is calcium 99% stored

A

bones and teeth

27
Q

ionized calcium promotes transmission of _____ impulse and ______ contractions

A

nerve; muscle

28
Q

if Ca is low phosphorous is

A

high

29
Q

what are the 4 calcium regulators

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)
calcitonin
phosphate
vitamin D

30
Q

why do you want the pt up and walking

A

so Ca will not leave the bone and go into the blood stream and cause high Ca levels

31
Q

what calcium regulator helps keep calcium in the bone

A

calcitonin

32
Q

reciprocal relationship with Ca

A

phosphate

33
Q

what helps with Ca absorption and how can you get it

A

Vitamin D; sunshine and from dairy products

34
Q

what is the normal lab value for magnesium

A

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

35
Q

Mg is important for

A

neuromuscular function

36
Q

what is the big thing and most cause of hypomagnesium

A

alcoholism because they tend to not take in enough food

37
Q

what is the normal Phosphorous lab value

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dl

38
Q

what is phosphorous essential for

A

function of muscle and RBCs, nervous system, cell membrane activity

39
Q

Hypokalemia causes “body is trying to DITCH potassium”

A

Drugs (laxatives, diuretics, corticosteroids)
Inadequate intake of K (NPO, anorexia, N)
Too much water intake
Cushings syndrome (too much aldosterone)
Heavy fluid loss (NG suction, V/D, wound)

40
Q

Hypokalemia S/S “SUCTION”

A 
Skeletal Muscle weaknes
Ua
Constipation
Toxicity of Dig
Irregular weak pulse
Orthostatic hypotension
Numbness
41
Q

hyperkalemia causes “body CARED too much for K”

A 
Cellular movement of K from ICF to ECF 
Adrenal insufficiency (addisons)
Renal failure
Excessive K intake
Drugs (k sparing, ACE, NSAIDS)
42
Q

hyperkalemia S/S “going to MURDER them”

A 
Muscle weakness
Urine production low or absent
Respiratory failure
Decreased cardiac contractility
Early signs of muscle twitching/cramps
Rhythm changes
43
Q

hyponatremia causes “NO NA”

A

Na excretion increased (NG suction, V, Diu)
Overload of fluids
Na intake low through low salt diet or NPO
Antidiuretic hormone over secreted (SIADH)

44
Q

hyponatremia S/S “SALT LOSS”

A 
Seizures and stupor
Abdominal cramping and attitude changes
Lethargic
Tendon Reflexes
Loss of urine and appetite
Orthostatic hypotension
Shallow respirations
Spasms of muscles
45
Q

hypernatremia causes “HIGH SALT”

A 
Hypercortisolism
Increased sodium intake
GI tube feedings w/o H20 supple
Hypertonic solutions
Sodium excretion decreased
Aldosterone problems
Loss of fluids (dehydrated)
Thirst impairment
46
Q

hypernatremia “no FRIED foods for you”

A 
Fever, flushed skin
Restlessness, really agitated
Increased fluid retention
Edema, extremely confused
Decreased urinary output; dry mouth/skin
47
Q

hypocalcemia causes “LOW CALCIUM”

A 
Low parathyroid hormone
Oral intake inadequate
Wound drainage
Celiacs disease, crohns disease (malabsorb)
Acute pancreatitis
Low vit D intake
Chronic kidney disease
Increased phos level
Using meds (lax, loop)
Mobility issues
48
Q

hypocalcemia S/S “CRAMPS”

A 
Confusion
Reflexes Hyperactive
Arrhythmias
Muscle spasms in calves, feet, TETANY
Positive Trousseaus 
Signs of Chvostekis
49
Q

hypercalcemia causes “HIGH CAL”

A 
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased intake of calcium
Glucocorticoids
Hyperthyroidism
Calcium excretion decreased w/ thiazide diu
Adrenal insufficiencies
Lithium usage (phos dec, cal increase)
50
Q

hypercalcemia S/S “the body is too WEAK”

A

Weakness of muscle
Ekg changes
Absent reflexes, absent minded, abd disten
Kidney stone formation

51
Q

calcium rich foods

A

yogurt, sardines, cheese, spinach, collard greens, tofu, rhubarb, milk

Module 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions