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NURSING110 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

decreasing the angle of the joint

A

flexion

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2
Q

increasing the angle of the joint

A

extension

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3
Q

further extension or straightening of a joint

A

hyperextension

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4
Q

movement of the bone away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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5
Q

movement of the bone toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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6
Q

movement of the bone around its central axis

A

rotation

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7
Q

movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

A

circumduction

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8
Q

turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint

A

eversion

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9
Q

turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint

A

inversion

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10
Q

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body

A

pronation

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11
Q

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body

A

supination

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12
Q

term used to describe the awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body

A

proprioception

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13
Q

what type of joint is the neck?

A

pivot

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14
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder?

A

ball and socket

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15
Q

what type of joint is the elbow?

A

hinge joint

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16
Q

what type of joint is the wrist?

A

condyloid joint

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17
Q

what type of joint is the thumb?

A

saddle joint

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18
Q

what type of the joint is the hip?

A

ball and socket joint

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19
Q

what type of joint is the knee?

A

hinge

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20
Q

what type of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge

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21
Q

what type of joint is the trunk?

A

gliding

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22
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

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23
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

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24
Q

what does the cerebral cortex do for the musculoskeletal system

A

voluntary movement

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25
Q

what does the cerebellum do for the musculoskeletal system

A

motor activities, coordination,

26
Q

what does the basal ganglia do for the musculoskeletal system

A

posture

27
Q

what is incorporated in the inspection part of the assessment?

A 
position of the joint
splinting
redness
swelling
deformity
dislocations
contracture
subluxations
28
Q

what is incorporated in the palpation part of the assessment?

A 
tenderness 
warmth
swelling
crepitus
masses
29
Q

what is incorporated in the ROM test

A

are they capable?
attempt passive rom
goniometer measurements

30
Q

what is incorporated in the testing part of assessment

A

bilateral movement

prime mover muscles graded on a scale of 0 to 5 (5 being highest)

31
Q

what is included in the psychosocial part of assessment

A 
how deformities effect body image
ADLS
social isolation
depression
spiritual needs
32
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune, systemic with deformities

33
Q

osteoarthritis

A

noninflammatory, limited rom, non systemic

34
Q

which is stronger? flexor or extender

A

flexors

35
Q

what are labrinth sensors?

A

sensors that talk directly to the brain for balance

36
Q

what is isotonic exercise?

A

muscle contraction and joint movement

37
Q

what is isokinetic exercise?

A

muscle contraction against resistance

38
Q

what is isometric exercise?

A

muscle contraction with no joint movement

39
Q

aerobic exercise?

A

repetitive large muscle group movement for physical and cardiovascular fitness

40
Q

what is anaerobic exercise?

A

body uses oxygen from alternate pathways, endurance training

41
Q

what is the cause of chronic fatigue

A

long term little sleep and illness or disease

42
Q

what is the cause of acute fatigue

A

sleep loss of short periods

43
Q

what is an influencing factor of acute fatigue

A

stress

44
Q

what are characteristics of acute fatigue

A

tired

slow down of thinking process

45
Q

what are characteristics of chronic fatigue

A

loss of memory or concentration
not renewed by sleep
unrefreshing sleep
joint pain and treatment

46
Q

what is the consequence of the musculoskeletal system because of exercise?

A

hypertrophy

47
Q

what is the effect of exercise on the urinary system?

A

increased output because of increase in blood flow

48
Q

what is the effect of exercise on cardiorespiratory?

A

mediate stress and improve gas exchange

49
Q

what is the effect of exercise on gastrointestinal

A

less constipation, appetite is controlled, facilitates perstalsis

50
Q

what is the effect of exercise on metabloic

A

increase in metabolic rate

51
Q

what is the effect of exercise on psychoneurological

A

better mood
decrease in stress
release symptoms of stress

52
Q

how to assess gait or balance

A

stand with both feet
walk without assistance
walk through door
turn

53
Q

what is the highest risk of falls for blood pressure

A

drop of 20 mmHG between lying and standing

54
Q 
antihestamines
anesthetics
antihypertensives
antiseizures
benzos
carthartics
diurectics
hypoglycemics
psychotropics
sedatives and hypnotics

all are linked to what?

A

falls

55
Q

what is joint effusion

A

swelling from excess fluid in the joint capsule

56
Q

gouty arthritis

A

effusion or synovial thickening

57
Q

epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

58
Q

ganglion cyst

A

round cystic contender nodule overlying a tendon or joint

59
Q

extreme flexion caused by RA

A

ankylosis

60
Q

polydactyly

A

extra digits

61
Q

syndactly

A

webbed fingers

62
Q

odgood schlatter

A

painful swelling of tibial tubercule

NURSING110 (27 decks)

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