Cardiac Assessment Flashcards
where can you find the apical pulse (pmi)
4th or 5th left intercostal space
medial to midclavicular line
where should you listen to the carotid artery?
the angle of the jaw
the midcervical area
the base of the neck
blowing swishing sound caused by turbulence of blood in the carotid artery
bruit
platelets usually cause this
what side of the neck should you inspect and observe the jugular veins
the right side
in what part of diastole does the S3 happen?
early (after s2)
in what part of diastole does S4 happen?
late (before s1)
what causes S3?
congestive heart failure
pregnancy
individuals less than 35
what causes S4?
hypertrophy
hypertension
MI (myocardial infarction)
what is happening when S3 is heard?
there is a blood/fluid volume overload
what is happening when S4 is heard?
compliance issue - expansion problem
what is happening to the valves in s1
tricuspid and mitral valves are closing
what is happening to the valves in s2
aortic and pulmonic valves are closing
what is a thrill?
a palpation abnormality feeling like a purr
chest rises with pulsations?
heave
where do you auscultate the aortic area?
Right sternal border
2nd ICS
where do you auscultate the pulmonic area?
left sternal border
2nd ICS
where do you ausculate the tricuspid (ERBS point) area?
L sternal border
5th ICS
where do you auscultate the mitral (PMI) area?
L midclavicular line
5th ICS
when are diastolic murmurs heard?
after s2
when are systolic murmurs heard?
after s1
what heart sound is heard to match the carotid pulse?
s1
looking at color temperature edema skin changes pain buergers cap refill
all assesses what?
peripheal perfusion
decrease in pulses skin is cool and pale pain with limb elevation hair loss intermittent claudication
arterial insufficiency
varicous veins heart failure chronic pooling (distension) edema pulses are present pain decreases with elevation
venous insufficiency
what does a peripheal assessment consist of?
pulses
perfusion
veins
what are a few common findings in the aging adult
ateriiosclerosis larger calf vessels & DVT orthostatic hypotension AP diameter increase s4 is common
