musculoskeletal Flashcards
what is the musculoskeltal made up of
joints
ligaments
tendons
bones
what are the two division
axial and appendicular
osteoblast
build up bones
osteoclast
break down old and damaged bone
periosteum
covers the bone
flat bones
protection
long bones
help us move
health history
any falls?
job/work history?
assisted devices
functional assessment
ADL’s
bathing
toileting
dressing
grooming
factors of older adult
joint stiffening
increased risk of broken bones
decreased muscle control
change of center of gravity
osteoporosis
not a normal sign of aging
not enough bone in the bone
risk factors of osteoporosis
modifiable:
low calcium
lack of excercise
alcoholism
nonmodifiable:
gender
age
race
ethnicity
body frame
prevention/treatment of osteoporosis
healthy diet
limit smoke and alcohol
increase calcium and vitamin d
describe these types of muscles:
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
skeletal (voluntary)
smooth (linesorgans)
cardiac (heart)
ligaments
stregthen joints
very strong but can be damaged
meniscus is the most common knee injury with a “c” shape
joints
where 2 or more bones meet
fibrous (immovable)
cartigionous (slightlymovable, pelvis)
synovial (freely movable, wrist)
what is bursitis
inflammation of fluid filled sack
edema
stiffness
at knee, elbow, shoulder
what are some common problems of joints
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gout
herniated disk
osteoarthritis
wear and tear
stiffness
at bouchard’s node
decreased ROM
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune
inflammation
morning stiffness
small joints
low grade fever and fatigue
gout
increase uric acid
crystals come in the joint
red
edema
effects greater toe mainly
herniated disk
fibrocartilage is damaged
in spine
bulge sign
looking for small amounts of fluid near knee
press lateral and look for swelling on opposite side
ballottement
large amounts of fluid
hands on opposite side of knee and press on patella
