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Med Surg 1 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

How do you rank muscle strength?

A

0 - none, 1 - flicker, 2 - eliminate gravity, 3 - with gravity, 4 - against resistance, 5 - full strength

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2
Q

Considerations for MRI imaging

A

NO metal, very expensive

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3
Q

Considerations for CT scan

A

Contrast dye can be nephrotoxic

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4
Q

What does DEXA scan for?

A

Bone mineral density

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5
Q

What is an arthroplasty?

A

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of joint

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6
Q

What does rheumatoid factor tell us?

A

Assess autoantibodies, assess for connective tissue disease

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7
Q

What does ESR tell us?

A

Non-specific measure for inflammation

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8
Q

When is uric acid high?

A

Gout

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9
Q

When is CRP increased?

A

Inflammation, infection, malignancy

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10
Q

First step of fracture healing

A

Hematoma (first 72 hours)

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11
Q

2nd step of fracture healing

A

Granulation tissue (3-14 days)

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12
Q

3rd step of fracture healing

A

Callus formation (appears on x ray at end of week 2) - network of bone forms

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13
Q

4th step of fracture healing

A

Ossification (3 weeks - 6 months) and cast can be removed

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14
Q

5th step of fracture healing

A

Consolidation - appears repaired on x - ray

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15
Q

6th step of fracture healing

A

Remodeling - union is complete, exercise is beneficial

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16
Q

Realignment of bone fragments

A

Reduction

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17
Q

Maintain alignment

A

Immobilization

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18
Q

Use of “hardware” to surgically fix the fracture

A

Internal fixation

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19
Q

Used to stabilize during healing, takes place of casting or traction

A

External fixation

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20
Q

Consideration for external fixation

A

SIGNIFICANT infection risk

21
Q

Normal intracompartmental readings

22
Q

Compartment syndrome intracompartmental readings

A

30-40 mmHg

23
Q

6 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pressure, paralysis, pulselessness

24
Q

Treatment for compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy (HOT DOG)

25
Q

More dangerous - venous thrombosis or fat embolism?

A

Fat embolism, can travel more easily and cause cardiac arrest

26
Q

Severe bone infection

A

Osteomyelitis

27
Q

Does osteomyelitis need an open wound to appear?

28
Q

Systemic symptoms of osteomyelitis

A

Fever, night sweats, chills, malaise, nausea

29
Q

Local symptoms of osteomyelitis

A

Pain not relieved with medication, worsens with activity, swelling, tenderness, warmth

30
Q

Treatment of osteomyelitis

A

Long term IV antibiotics, many weeks to months, may require immobilization or debridement

31
Q

Nursing consideration for osteomyelitis

A

Sterile dressing changes

32
Q

Risks of pelvic fractures

A

Can cause intra abdominal injury, life-threatening hemorrhage

33
Q

Risks of femur fractures

A

Common in young adults, considerable blood loss, fat embolus

34
Q

Degenerative bone disease involving degeneration of articular cartilage

A

Osteoarthritis

35
Q

Before age 50, who is more affected by osteoarthritis?

36
Q

After age 50, who is more affected by osteoarthritis?

37
Q

Inflammation of CT in synovial joints (systemic and chronic)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

38
Q

When can rheumatoid arthritis onset?

A

Any time during the life span

39
Q

Diagnostic studies for RA

A

ESR, CRP, WBC found in synovial fluid, bone scan

40
Q

Most effective non-pharmacologic treatment for RA

A

Moist-heat

41
Q

Drug therapy for RA

A

NSAIDS, prednisone, methotrexate

42
Q

Decrease in bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue

A

Osteoporosis

43
Q

Who should be screened for osteoporosis?

A

Any women over 65

44
Q

First signs of osteoporosis

A

Back pain, spontaneous fractures

45
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A

White/asian, smoking, inactivity, postmenopausal, low Ca diet, low vitamin D, alcohol use, seizure meds and long term use of corticosteroids

46
Q

Gold standard diagnostic test for osteoporosis

47
Q

Z score -1 to - 2.5

A

Osteopenia

48
Q

Z score < -2.5

A

Osteporosis

Med Surg 1 (10 decks)

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