Diabetes Flashcards
Difference between Type 1 and Type 2
Type 1 = no insulin, Type 2 = insulin resistance
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
Family hx, obesity, inactivity, race/ethnicity, HTN, hyperlipidemia
Why are people with diabetes more likely to have heart disease or stroke?
Because of lipid build up
Big 3 symptoms of type 1
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
FBS > ______ in morning = type 2 diabetes
126 mg/dl
A1C > ______ = diabetes diagnosis
6.5%
Reflects average blood glucose over 3 month period
HgA1C
Acute complications of diabetes
Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, sick days
Chronic complications of diabetes
Glycosylation, macro and microvascular changes, wounds
What is the target blood glucose range for diabetics?
< 150
How do you define hypoglycemia?
< 70
What does hypoglycemia look like?
Shaky, sweating, headache
How do you treat hypoglycemia?
15 by 15 rule (15 g of glucose, recheck blood sugar in 15 min)
Medications for hypogylcemia
Dextrose, glucagon, oral glucose
What medications can cause hypergylcemia?
Glucocorticoids (eg. prednisone)
High presence of _____ is associated with hyperglycemia and is a medical emergency
Ketones
True or false - retinopathy is the leading cause of new blindness
True
What is the most common microvascular complication?
Neuropathy
Nursing education for exercise
Eat a snack before or during, can become hypoglycemic
Considerations for foot care
Inspect daily, dry foot well
Normal blood sugar range
70-130
What is the Somogyi effect?
When insulin is dosed at bedtime and blood glucose rebounds and you wake up with high glucose
Diabetes diet
More vegetables, less protein
If scheduled to give 4.9 units of insulin, how many would you give?
4, always round down
