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ADULT Health > musculoskeletal > Flashcards

musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Osteoarthritis?????

A
  1. PAIN & DYSFUNCTION (progressive over time, improves with rest, worse with activity!!)
  2. Decreased ROM, loss of flexibility
  3. TENDERNESS over the joint line and around the joint!!
    ———
  4. BONY AND SOFT 🦴🍦 TISSUE SWELLING
  5. DEFORMITY: Bouchard’s and Heberden’s Nodes!!!!
  6. CREPITUS potential (“grating” sensation)
  7. Joint insta ility, unsteady gait (fall risk)
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2
Q

What is Osteoarthritis??

A
  1. a “Wear & Tear Disease”
  2. A Leading cause of chronic disability!!!!
  3. Connective tissues disorder multiple joint structures.
  4. Key feature is ***Cartilage Loss!!!!!!
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3
Q

What joints are the most affected with osteoarthritis????

A
  1. Lumbar spine, hips, knees, & feet (WEIGHT BEARING)
  2. Cervical spine, interphalangeal joints
  3. Shoulders & Elbows (most often Trauma, Inflammation, or Overuse)
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4
Q

Does NSAIDs make you more likely to bleed???? Why

A

YESS!!! because it decrease platelet aggregation which make u more likely to bleed duh!!!!

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5
Q

Another name for Ibuprofen?

A

ADVIL!!!!!

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6
Q

What’s the drug of Selective Cox 2 inhibitor called?????!!!!!

A

CELECOXIB (Celebrex)

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7
Q

What are the Hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs?????

A
  1. Steven Johnson Syndrome = WITH NON-ASPIRIN NSAIDs!!!!!!
  2. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
  3. Anaphylaxis
  4. ASHTMA TRIAD (they have asthma, nasal polyp, and take Aspirin!)
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8
Q

With NSAIDs, is Cross-hypersensitivity possible?? what is that??

A

YES!! ITS WHEN a patient has allergy to Aspirin, they SHOULDNT receive any other kinds of NSAID like the non-aspirin nsaids!!

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9
Q

Which type of NSAIDS are more likely to cause patients to bleed? why??????

A

ASPIRIN!!!!
Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation for the LIFESPAN OF THE PLATELET!!! so the inability for the platelets to clot/aggregate is reduces until new platelets have formed. Soooo patients are more likely to bleed!!!!!

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10
Q

What drug would you AVOID/Stop when doing CT Scan?????? Why???

A

Metformin (Glucophage)!!!!!!!!!!
1. Lactic acid risk
2. Decreased BG risk
3. STOP prior and for 24-48 hours post contrast!!!!

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11
Q

Who is most at risk for an allergic reaction to Iodine contrast???????

A
  1. Previous adverse effects to Iodine contrast
  2. Hx of Trauma & Allergies
  3. HEART DISEASE!!!?
  4. DEHYDRATION
  5. RENAL DISEASE!!!!
    ——-
  6. *BETA BLOCKERS AND NSAIDS!!!!!!!!!!
  7. Receiving Large amount of contrast within 24 hours!!!
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12
Q

What 2 drugs can cause an allergic reaction to Iodine?????????

A

BETA BLOCKER AND NSAIDs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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13
Q

Which contrast do you use for X-ray, CT scan, and MRI????,,

A
  • X ray: Barium
  • CT scan: Iodine
  • *MRI: Gadolinium!!!!!!
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14
Q

What’s Bone Mineral Density (Dexa) imaging???

A
  1. Assess Bone mineral density
  2. *SPINE, HIP, FOOT, FOREARM!!!!!!!
  3. NO PREP, QUICK TEST
  4. Let HCP know if recently taken Contrast imaging study AND *CALCIUM !!!!!!!
  5. T-score (compares patient scores to young adults of the same gender at peak bone mass)
  6. X-score: (compares the pt results with others of the same age, size, and gender!!!!!
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15
Q

What happens if patient is taking PYRIDOSTIGMINE while doing Electromyogram (EMG) scan?????????

A

Can affect the test in getting ACCURATE test result. So, STOP the medication PRIOR to the exam and check with HCP!!!!!

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16
Q

What medication should you NOT take with Bone Scan ???????

A

NO MEDS WITH BISMUTH FOR 72 HOURS PRIOR!!!!! such as Peptibismol and Kaopectate!!!

17
Q

is Bone scan problematic if patient is pregnant???????***

A

YES!!!!! Problematic if pregnant BUT it’s okay if they’re breastfeeding but just discard the breast milk 48 hours prior!!!!

18
Q

How do we promote bone health?????

A
  1. Weight bearing exercise
  2. Diet considerations: Calcium, Vit. D and K, Magnesium
  3. Potential supplements with Vitamin D!!!!!!!!
  4. No smoking, No ETOH, plenty of sunshine!!!!!!
19
Q

what are the 7 P’s of Compromised Neurovascular???????????

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pressure (increased)
  3. Paralysis
  4. Pallor
  5. Paresthesia
  6. Pulseless
  7. Polar!!!
20
Q

What are the factors that influence peak bone mass and bone maintainance?????

A

“PIGS-Nah”
1. Physical activity
2. Inter current Illnesses
3. Genetic
4. Socioeconomic
5. Nutrition

21
Q

What are the factors that increase bone loss with aging???????

A
  1. WEIGHT LOSS
  2. SMOKING
  3. ALCOHOL!!!
22
Q

What is the Gender, Ethnicity, and Body frame for Osteoporosis??????

A

Female, Caucasian & Asian, and Petite!!!!!!!

23
Q

What are the medications that can cause Osteoporosis???????????

A

“CATS, LP”
1. Corticosteroids
2. Anti- Convulsants
3. Thyroid hormone!!!!
4. SSRIs
5. Loop diuretic
6. Proton Pump Inhibitor!!!!

24
Q

What are the diseases that can cause OSTEOPOROSIS????

A

“CCC, DD, HH”

  1. Chronic KIDNEY disease
  2. Chronic LIVER disease
  3. *CUSHING SYNDROME
    ——-
  4. Diabetes
  5. DISEASES THAT IMPACT NUTRIENT UPTAKE
    ————-
  6. HyperTHYROIDISM
  7. HyperPARAthyroidism
25
Q

With osteoporosis, in aging there’s 3 changes to our hormones. WhT are they?????

A
  1. Decreased CALCITONIN!
  2. Decreased ESTROGEN!
  3. INCREASED PTH!!!!
26
Q

WHO IS MOST AT RISK FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS?????????

A

AGING AND OBESITY

27
Q

WHAT IS THE NUMBER ONE OSTEOARTHRITIS MANIFESTATIONS????????

A

PAIN AND DYSFUNCTION!!!!!!!

ADULT Health (24 decks)

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