Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What are the 6 P’s?

Answer 1

Pain, Pallor, Polar, Pulses, Paresthesia, Paralysis

Question 2

What test is used to diagnose Osteoporosis?

Answer 2

DEXA scan

Question 3

What cell in the body removes old bone?

Answer 3

Osteoclasts

Question 4

What cell in the body adds new bone?

Answer 4

Osteoblasts

Question 5

Examples of Secondary Osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Use of anticonvulsants or steroids

Question 6

Risk factors for primary Osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Female, Age >60, Family history, Caucasian or Asian, Thin, lean body build, Decreased calcium intake

Question 7

Examples of non-dairy calcium?

Answer 7

Fortified Orange Juice, Dark green leafy vegetables

Question 8

High dietary intake of what 2 things cause loss of calcium in the urine?

Answer 8

Protein and sodium

Question 9

Prevention items for OP?

Answer 9

***Engage in regular weight-bearing exercise

Get daily recommended amounts of calcium and Vit D

Question 10

Name 4 types of fractures?

Answer 10

Complete, Incomplete, Open, Closed, Pathologic, Stress, Compression

Question 11

How many fracture grades are there?

Answer 11

3 Grades ( Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3)

Question 12

Types of Immobilization?

Answer 12

Bandages, Casts, Traction

Question 13

Pt teaching for bandages?

Answer 13

Elevation to reduce edema, Assess for circulation changes, Keep dry and clean to prevent skin breakdown and Infection

Question 14

Pt teaching for Casts?

Answer 14

Elevation to reduce edema, Keep dry and clean to prevent skin breakdown and Infection, If it becomes too TIGHT or too LOOSE call the MD, Do not put anything in it.

Question 15

Things to know with Plaster of Paris casts.

Answer 15

Warn Pt of heat when applied, takes 1-3 days to dry, Handle only with palms till dry, elevate on cloth covered pillow not plastic, Ice for swelling, Notify MD if pain increases

Question 16

What are the 2 types of traction?

Answer 16

Skin and Skeletal

Question 17

Why Buck’s traction is used and is it skin or skeletal traction?

Answer 17

Skin, Used to reduce muscle spasms and pain of hip fracture, Keep pt in alignment.

Question 18

Things to know with Buck’s traction.

Answer 18

Weight should be free hanging, remove boot and inspect skin every 8 hrs

Question 19

Things to know about calcium supplements?

Answer 19

Daily rec: 1200-1500 mg, take in 2 doses, take with 8 ozs of water.

Question 20

What group of medications are used to prevent and treat Osteoporosis?

Answer 20

Biphosphonates

Question 21

Important teaching with Biphosphonates?

Answer 21

Take first thing in the morning on empty stomach, remain upright for 30 minutes, do not eat or drink until after 30 min of taking

Question 22

What is the suspected cause of Pager’s disease?

Answer 22

Latent viral infection

Question 23

Osteomalacia is associated with a deficiency of what?

Answer 23

Vit. D

Question 24

What Gout medication inhibits inflammation and reduces pain?

Answer 24

Colchicine

Question 25

Things to avoid with Gout?

Answer 25

organ meats, shellfish, excessive alcohol.