Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is the flow of blood through the heart?

Answer 1

From Superior/Inferior vena cava in Right Atrium, through Aortic Valve, into Right Ventricle, through Pulmonary Valve in Lungs, from lungs into Left Atrium, through Mitral Valve into Left Ventricle, then through Aortic Valve into the Aorta.

Question 2

Cardiac Output = ? X ?

Answer 2

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate X Stroke Volume

Question 3

What is Preload?

Answer 3

The volume of blood distending the ventricles at the end of diastole

Question 4

What is the normal CO for an adult?

Answer 4

4-7-L/min

Question 5

What are the BPM at the SA node? AV node? Purkinje Fibers?

Answer 5

SA node- 60-100 BPM, AV node- 40-60 BPM, Purkinje Fibers- 20-40 BPM

Question 6

Name common lab test for cardiac issues?

Answer 6

Troponin T and I, CKMB, Creatine Kinase, Myoglobin, Serum Lipids,

Question 7

Name of the heart monitor which is worn for a 24 hour period? What is its purpose?

Answer 7

Holter Monitor, to find trends or patterns with heart rhythms,

Question 8

Items to assess prior to Cardiac Catheterization?

Answer 8

Check for allergies.(Shellfish), Make sure pt was NPO, Assess presence & quality of peripheral pulses before the test.

Question 9

Post-op Cardiac Cath care priorities?

Answer 9

Monitor I & O, Bedrest 4-6 hrs, remain flat < 30 degrees, Asses pules distal to insertion site.

Question 10

Total cholesterol should be less than?

Answer 10

200 mg/dL

Question 11

What makes up you total cholesterol?

Answer 11

LDL, HDL,

Question 12

What is the desirable HDL?

Answer 12

Great than 40

Question 13

Which is “good” cholesterol? LDL or HDL

Answer 13

HDL

Question 14

What are ideal level for LDL cholesterol?

Answer 14

<70 mg/dL

Question 15

What is a normal Triglyceride level?

Answer 15

< 150 mg/dL

Question 16

How often should you have your cholesterol checked?

Answer 16

Every 5 years after the age of 20.

Question 17

What interventions or lifestyle changes can lower yout cholesterol levels?

Answer 17

Diet, Weight, Physical Activity, Smoking Cessation

Question 18

What medications are given for high cholesterol?

Answer 18

Statins- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 19

Things to monitor and have pt report while on Statins?

Answer 19

Liver enzyme baseline, monitor liver enzymes Q6 mos. Have pt report any muscle weakness.

Question 19

Things to monitor and have pt report while on Statins?

Answer 19

Liver enzyme baseline, monitor liver enzymes Q6 mos. Have pt report any muscle weakness.

Question 20

Patients with DM should have a BP below?

Answer 20

130/90

Question 21

Hypertension (HTN) is classified as having a BP of?

Answer 21

140/90

Question 22

Name non modifiable risk factors for HTN?

Answer 22

Family History, Gender-Males earlier age, Age, Ethnicity (Africans)

Question 23

Name modifiable risk factors for HTN?

Answer 23

Tobacco, Caffeine, ETOH, Sedentary Lifestyle, Obesity, High salt & Fat Intake, Oral Contraceptives, Stress

Question 24

Other factors to look at for HTN?

Answer 24

Renal failure, Respiratory problems-COPD, Cardiac. History of steroid and estrogen medications

Question 25

HTN routine tests?

Answer 25

Chemistry, CBC, UA, CXR, ECG, 24 hr urine for cortisol, K+ & aldosterone.

Question 26

HTN can lead to what further complications?

Answer 26

CAD, Angina, Dysrythmias, MI, HF, CRF, Aneurysm, CVA

Question 27

Name a k+ sparing diuretic?

Answer 27

Spironolactone

Question 28

Name a loop diuretic?

Answer 28

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 29

Name a Beta-Blocker?

Answer 29

Metoprolol (Lopressor) ends in -olol

Question 30

Name an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 30

Lisinopril (Zestril) ends in -pril

Question 31

Name an Angiotension II Inhibitor?

Answer 31

Losartan(Cozaar) ends in -sartan

Question 32

Name a Calcium Channel Blocker?

Answer 32

Nifedipine, ends in -pine

Question 33

Name a vasodilator?

Answer 33

Nitroglycerin (NTG)