Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Normal lab value for Sodium Na+?

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common type of dehydration?

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the best indicator for fluid gains and losses?

A

Changes in daily weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most important areas to monitor during dehydration therapy?

A

Pulse rate and quality and urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name causes of Hypervolemia?

A

Heart Failure, Renal Failure, Liver Failure!! Others-Cancer, drug therapy, high sodium intake, protein malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs and Symptoms to assess for for Hypervolemia?

A

Dyspnea, Crackles in lungs, bounding pulse, increased BP, constant irritating cough, JVD, Pitting edema, rapid weight gain, Changes in LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patient with CHF admitted with complaints of SOB, lung sounds are bilaterally coarse with an oxygen saturation of 92% on O2 at 2 Liters. The Nurse anticipates
A: Administering a diuretic
B: Educating the patient on daily weight monitoring.
C: Elevating the patients feet on pillows
D: Administering IV fluids

A

A: Administering a diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a specific form of Hypoproteinemia?

A

Hypoalbuminemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal lab value for Potassium K+?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal lab value for Calcium Ca++?

A

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal lab value for Magnesium Mg++?

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal lab value for Chloride Cl-?

A

98.106 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal lab value for Phosphate PO4-?

A

3.0-4.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Sodium?

A

Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Potassium?

A

Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Calcium?

A

Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia

17
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Magnesium?

A

Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia

18
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Chloride?

A

Hypochloremia and Hyperchloremia

19
Q

What are the names for the imbalances for Phosphate?

A

Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia

20
Q

At what level does cerebral symptoms start to show with Hyponatremia?

A

129 mEq/L

21
Q

Key factors with hyponatremia?

A

FLOPPY weakness, Depolarization of nerve impulses to muscles and tissues slower. Bounding Pulse, Diminished deep tendon reflexes,

22
Q

What is the priority intervention for nursing care of the patient with hyponatremia?

A

Monitoring the patient’s response to therapy to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload.

23
Q

Nursing management for hyponatremia?

A

24-hour I&O record
Check for bounding pulses or bulging neck veins (why?)
Check for BP and Respiratory changes
Changes in LOC and signs of Cerebral edema
Check and compare daily weights
Drug therapy that promotes water excretion only leaving sodium intact. (Samsca or Vaprisol).
Hypertonic fluids in severe cases.

24
Q

Causes of Hypernatremia?

A
High sodium intake 
Low water intake 
Severe GI loss
Diarrhea/vomiting
Excessive insensible loss-Perspiration
Administration of isotonic, hypertonic saline solutions, or sodium bicarbonate IV
Renal dysfunction-Nephritis
25
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hypernatremia?

A
Nervous System:  
Short attention span/confused/agitated
Lethargic, drowsy or comatose in late stages
Skeletal Muscle changes:
Twitching
Deep tendon responses absent in late stages
Cardiovascular:
Decreased contractility 
Hypotension
26
Q

What does FRIED mean for hypernatremia?

A

F: Fever (low grade) and flushed, dry skin
R: Restlessness, irritability, and confusion
I: Increased fluid retention and BP
E: Edema (Peripheral and Pitting)
D: Decreased urinary output, dry mouth, and increased thirst.

27
Q

7 areas to assess with hypernatremia?

A
24-hour I & O record
Look for bounding pulses and distended neck veins.
Check for tachycardia and tachypnea
Look for changes in sensorium
Check and compare daily weights
Check skin turgor and mucous membranes