Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
What is the purpose of Glacagon?
RAISES blood glucose level
What is the purpose of Insulin?
LOWERS blood glucose levels
What is the major difference in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 has no insulin production and type 2 has some insulin production
Type 2 diabetes are associated with what 2 factors?
Obesity and high caloric intake
What is the most dangerous type of fat in our bodies?
Fat stored in the abdomen
What 4 things must be present for Metabolic Syndrome or Syndrome X?
Abdominal Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Dyslipemia
Name 4 signs and symptoms of Diabetes?
Tired all the time, always thirsty, need to urinate often, always hungry, sudden weight loss, blurred vision, wounds don’t heal, frequent vaginal infections,numb and/or tingling hands/feet
What are the normal ranges for blood sugars?
NBS:81-110, FBS: 70-110, HYPOGLY:110 and esp >150
Best test for long time blood sugar levels?
HbA1c: Normal- 4-6%, Needs treatment if >8%
Diagnostic urine test, tests for what 3 things?
Presence of ketones, renal function, glucose
Encourage what 2 things in pt teaching for diabetes?
Proper Diabetic diet and regular exercise
What is the onset and peak for rapid acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?
Onset- 30 min-1 hr, Peak- 2-3 hrs, Humalog and Novolog, Give IMMEDIATELY before meal as onset is very fast
What is the onset and peak for short acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?
Onset- 30 min-1 hr, Peak- 2-3 hrs, Regular Insulin, Humulin R, Regular insulin is only insulin given IV
What is the onset and peak for Intermediate acting insulin? Given an example?
Onset- 1-2 hrs, Peak- 6-12hrs, Humulin L
What is the onset and peak for long acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?
Onset- 4-6 hrs, Peak- 24 hrs/ no peak, Lantus, NO peak and can not be combined with other insulins
