Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Body Movement Support Protection Mineral storage Production of blood cells
What do tendons attach?
Muscle to Bone
What do ligaments attach
Bone to Bone
What is the axial skeleton?
Consists of skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum (thorax). It forms the major axis of the body as it is supportive and rigid and also protects many vital organs.
What was the appendicular skeleton?
Includes the appendages (limbs) of the body and is used mainly for movement. It’s joined to the axial skeleton by the pelvic and pectoral girdles.
What is a vertebra?
Has a hollow centre through which travels the spinal cord that controls most conscious movement within the body. In this way the cord is protected
What are the 5 parts of the spine?
Cervical - 7 Vertebrae Thoracic - 12 vertebrae Lumbar - 5 vertebrae Sacrum - 5 vertebrae fused together Coccyx - 4 fused together
Total = 33
What are the types of bones?
Long - Longer than they are wide, hollow containing marrow. Primary function is to act as levers and therefore essential for movement.
Short - Cube shaped, with the same width and length. They are designed for strength and weight bearing
Flat bones - Have large flat areas for muscles to attach and usually protect vital organs
Irregular - No regular shape or characteristics. They have a variety of functions which include protection
Sesamoid - Bones that are small, surrounded by tendons and located around a joint.
When are joints formed?
When 2 or more bones meet
What are the types of joints?
Fibrous - No movement eg skull
Cartilaginous - Slight movement eg between ribs
Synovial - Freely moveable 6 moveable
What are the types of synovial joints?
Pivot - A joint that only allows rotation (atlas $ axis)
Gliding-Lets flat bones glide against each other (tarsals)
Ball and socket - This is when a ball goes into a socket (shoulder - Hip)
Hinge - Allows one specific movement (Knee - Elbow)
Saddle - Joint that allows movement like a saddle ( Metacarpals of the thumb)
Condyloid - Like the hinge joint but little rotation (Wrist)
What Movements at these joint occur? Pivot Gliding Ball & socket Hinge Saddle Condyloid
Pivot - Rotation
Gliding - Gliding Movement
Ball & socket - Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, internal and external rotation
Hinge - Flexion and extension
Saddle - Flexion, Extension, Adduction & abduction
Condyloid - Flexion, Extension, Adduction & abduction
What are the functions of the synovial joint
Synovial fluid: water like substance, provides the joint with free movement
Cartilage: covers the bones and provides support and friction free movement
Synovial membrane: produces the synovial fluid for the joint
Joint Capsule: encloses the joint and provides stability
Ligament: connects bone to bone
What is the sagittal plane?
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
What is the transversal plane?
Divides body into top and bottom
