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Advanced Physical Education > Cardiovascular and Respiratory > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of Cardiovascular System?

A
  1. Maintain body’s core temp.
  2. Removal of waste products from cells
  3. Fighting Infections
  4. Transporting O2 and nutrients to cells
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2
Q

How much blood does each person have?

A

Around 4-5 Litres

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3
Q

What is Blood made up of?

A

Red Blood Cells (RBC) - Transport Oxygen in haemoglobin’s
White Blood Cells (WBC) - Fight Infections by absorbing and digesting disease causing organisms
Platelets - Produced in bone marrow and clot blood to prevent bleeding
Plasma - Made up of mostly water - fluid that blood cells, nutrients and waste float in.

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4
Q

What are Arteries?

A
  • Carry blood away from heart
  • Carry Oxygenated blood (apart from pulmonary)
  • Arterioles are smaller arteries that link to capillaries.
  • High pressure
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5
Q

What are Veins?

A
  • Carry blood towards heart
  • Carry deoxygenated blood (apart from pulmonary)
  • Venules are smaller veins that link to capillaries
  • Have valves that stop backflow
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6
Q

What are capillaries?

A
  • Link arterioles with venules
  • 1 cell thick
  • Diffuse O2, CO2, Nutrients and other waste
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7
Q

How does Cardiovascular system respond to exercise?

A
  • As intensity increases, heart needs to produce more O2
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8
Q

Acute responses to exercise?

A

Short-term exercise

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9
Q

Chronic adaptations to training?

A

Long-term exercise (6-12 weeks) will bring about chronic adaptations/changes to athletes that will assist them.

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10
Q

What is HR?

A

Heart Rate - Number of heart beats per minute

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11
Q

What is SV?

A

Stroke Volume - The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in a single beat

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12
Q

What is Q?

A

Cardiac Output - The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute

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13
Q

Main functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  • Brings air from atmosphere into lungs
  • Transfers O2 into the blood
  • Removes CO2 from the blood
  • Allows vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out.
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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Lungs?

A
  1. The Conducting System
  2. The Pleura
  3. The Diaphragm
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15
Q

What does the Conducting System contain?

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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16
Q

What is the order of air flow from atmosphere to lungs?

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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17
Q

What does the Nasal Cavity do?

A

Filters air, warms air and makes the air moist

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18
Q

What does the Pharynx do?

A

Connects Nasal Cavity to the Larynx

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19
Q

What does the Larynx do?

A

Contains Vocal Cords

20
Q

What does the Trachea do?

A

The windpipe leads air towards lungs from Nasal Cavity

21
Q

What does the Bronchi do?

A

Trachea divides into 2 bronchioles leading the air.

22
Q

What does the Bronchioles do?

A

Bronchi divide into series of Bronchioles leading the air.

23
Q

What does the Alveoli do?

A

Tiny air sacks that exchange gasses via diffusion

24
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

An involuntary, smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to aid breathing.

25
What are the Intercostal Muscles?
Located between the ribs and also assist with breathing.
26
What is the Pleura?
- The membrane that covers each lung. - Is attached to the inside of chest cavity and top of diaphragm - Purpose is to prevent friction between lungs and surrounding body tissue.
27
What is Inspiration and how does it work?
- Inspiration = Breathing in - Diaphragm contracts --> Intercostals raise thorax and sternum out --> Chest cavity is enlarged + pressure relaxed --> Air is draw in
28
What is Expiration and how does it work?
- Expiration = Breathing out | - Diaphragm relaxes and forms a dome --> Chest cavity is reduced --> Pressure is increased --> Air is forced out.
29
What is RR?
Respiratory Rate - Number of breaths per minute
30
What is TV?
Tidal Volume - Volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs in a single breath
31
What is V?
Ventilation - Volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs per minute.
32
How do you calculate Ventilation?
V = TV x RR
33
How do you calculate Cardiac Output?
Q = SV x HR
34
What does the Aorta do?
Main artery - carries blood from heart to body
35
What is the Systemic Circuit?
Provides blood the the rest of the body
36
What is the Pulmonary Circuit?
Takes blood to and from the lungs
37
What is Diffusion?
Where gasses move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
38
What is Gas Exchange?
Where O2 and CO2 move between bloodstream and lungs
39
What is VO2 Max?
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in, delivered and utilised for aerobic energy production
40
What is the Vena Cava?
Large vein that carries blood to the heart from the systemic system.
41
2 Key differences between Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits?
Pulmonary involves a loop between the heart and the lungs and O2 is diffused into the Pulmonary circuit at the alveoli and CO2 is diffused out. Systemic circuit involves a loop between the heart and the muscles and O2 is delivered to the muscles and CO2 is taken into the circuit via the muscles.
42
At rest, how many times would an average adult breath per minute?
15 times
43
How is the exchange of gas in the lungs possible?
Gasses move from and area of high pressure to low pressure. Cell walls in alveoli and capillaries are very thin allowing for the transport of gasses.
44
Explain how the diaphragm aids in inspiration?
The diaphragm contracts and flattens creating more space for the lungs to expand and less pressure.
45
Explain how the diaphragm aids in expiration?
The diaphragm relaxes and forms a dome shape, increasing the pressure in the lungs and forcing the air out.

Advanced Physical Education (4 decks)

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