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Advanced Physical Education > Cardiovascular and Respiratory > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of Cardiovascular System?

A
  1. Maintain body’s core temp.
  2. Removal of waste products from cells
  3. Fighting Infections
  4. Transporting O2 and nutrients to cells
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2
Q

How much blood does each person have?

A

Around 4-5 Litres

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3
Q

What is Blood made up of?

A

Red Blood Cells (RBC) - Transport Oxygen in haemoglobin’s
White Blood Cells (WBC) - Fight Infections by absorbing and digesting disease causing organisms
Platelets - Produced in bone marrow and clot blood to prevent bleeding
Plasma - Made up of mostly water - fluid that blood cells, nutrients and waste float in.

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4
Q

What are Arteries?

A
  • Carry blood away from heart
  • Carry Oxygenated blood (apart from pulmonary)
  • Arterioles are smaller arteries that link to capillaries.
  • High pressure
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5
Q

What are Veins?

A
  • Carry blood towards heart
  • Carry deoxygenated blood (apart from pulmonary)
  • Venules are smaller veins that link to capillaries
  • Have valves that stop backflow
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6
Q

What are capillaries?

A
  • Link arterioles with venules
  • 1 cell thick
  • Diffuse O2, CO2, Nutrients and other waste
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7
Q

How does Cardiovascular system respond to exercise?

A
  • As intensity increases, heart needs to produce more O2
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8
Q

Acute responses to exercise?

A

Short-term exercise

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9
Q

Chronic adaptations to training?

A

Long-term exercise (6-12 weeks) will bring about chronic adaptations/changes to athletes that will assist them.

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10
Q

What is HR?

A

Heart Rate - Number of heart beats per minute

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11
Q

What is SV?

A

Stroke Volume - The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in a single beat

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12
Q

What is Q?

A

Cardiac Output - The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute

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13
Q

Main functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  • Brings air from atmosphere into lungs
  • Transfers O2 into the blood
  • Removes CO2 from the blood
  • Allows vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out.
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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Lungs?

A
  1. The Conducting System
  2. The Pleura
  3. The Diaphragm
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15
Q

What does the Conducting System contain?

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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16
Q

What is the order of air flow from atmosphere to lungs?

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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17
Q

What does the Nasal Cavity do?

A

Filters air, warms air and makes the air moist

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18
Q

What does the Pharynx do?

A

Connects Nasal Cavity to the Larynx

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19
Q

What does the Larynx do?

A

Contains Vocal Cords

20
Q

What does the Trachea do?

A

The windpipe leads air towards lungs from Nasal Cavity

21
Q

What does the Bronchi do?

A

Trachea divides into 2 bronchioles leading the air.

22
Q

What does the Bronchioles do?

A

Bronchi divide into series of Bronchioles leading the air.

23
Q

What does the Alveoli do?

A

Tiny air sacks that exchange gasses via diffusion

24
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

An involuntary, smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to aid breathing.

25
Q

What are the Intercostal Muscles?

A

Located between the ribs and also assist with breathing.

26
Q

What is the Pleura?

A
  • The membrane that covers each lung.
  • Is attached to the inside of chest cavity and top of diaphragm
  • Purpose is to prevent friction between lungs and surrounding body tissue.
27
Q

What is Inspiration and how does it work?

A
  • Inspiration = Breathing in
  • Diaphragm contracts –> Intercostals raise thorax and sternum out –> Chest cavity is enlarged + pressure relaxed –> Air is draw in
28
Q

What is Expiration and how does it work?

A
  • Expiration = Breathing out

- Diaphragm relaxes and forms a dome –> Chest cavity is reduced –> Pressure is increased –> Air is forced out.

29
Q

What is RR?

A

Respiratory Rate - Number of breaths per minute

30
Q

What is TV?

A

Tidal Volume - Volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs in a single breath

31
Q

What is V?

A

Ventilation - Volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs per minute.

32
Q

How do you calculate Ventilation?

A

V = TV x RR

33
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

A

Q = SV x HR

34
Q

What does the Aorta do?

A

Main artery - carries blood from heart to body

35
Q

What is the Systemic Circuit?

A

Provides blood the the rest of the body

36
Q

What is the Pulmonary Circuit?

A

Takes blood to and from the lungs

37
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Where gasses move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

38
Q

What is Gas Exchange?

A

Where O2 and CO2 move between bloodstream and lungs

39
Q

What is VO2 Max?

A

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in, delivered and utilised for aerobic energy production

40
Q

What is the Vena Cava?

A

Large vein that carries blood to the heart from the systemic system.

41
Q

2 Key differences between Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits?

A

Pulmonary involves a loop between the heart and the lungs and O2 is diffused into the Pulmonary circuit at the alveoli and CO2 is diffused out.
Systemic circuit involves a loop between the heart and the muscles and O2 is delivered to the muscles and CO2 is taken into the circuit via the muscles.

42
Q

At rest, how many times would an average adult breath per minute?

A

15 times

43
Q

How is the exchange of gas in the lungs possible?

A

Gasses move from and area of high pressure to low pressure. Cell walls in alveoli and capillaries are very thin allowing for the transport of gasses.

44
Q

Explain how the diaphragm aids in inspiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens creating more space for the lungs to expand and less pressure.

45
Q

Explain how the diaphragm aids in expiration?

A

The diaphragm relaxes and forms a dome shape, increasing the pressure in the lungs and forcing the air out.

Advanced Physical Education (4 decks)

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