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Finals revision > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 5 types of psoriatic arthritis

A
  1. Asymmetrical oligoarthritis
  2. Symmetrical polyarthritis (similar to RA)
  3. Spondylitis
  4. DIP arthritis
  5. Arthritis mutilans (severely deformed hands, ‘telescoping fingers’)
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2
Q

What is the rhyme to remember nerve roots for each reflex?

A

One, two; buckle my shoe (S1,2 = ankle)
Three four; kick the door (L3,4 = knee)
Five, six; pick up sticks (C5,6 = biceps)
Seven, eight; shut the gate (C7,8 = triceps)

Alternative: “three, four; winks galore” (S3,4 = anal wink reflex)

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3
Q

What are the following blood results in osteogenesis imperfecta?

PTH
Calcium
Phosphate
ALP

A

All are NORMAL

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4
Q

Systemic vasculitis sx + hepatitis B signs - pulmonary sx = ?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa is a medium vessel vasculitis, strongly associated with hepatitis B

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5
Q

Sudden popping sound during athletic activity → knee pain. Swelling and instability?

What is the probable diagnosis?

A

?ACL injury

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6
Q

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis is associated with which antibody?

A

Anti-centromere antibodies

LcSSc is aka. CENTRAL sclerosis
Central sclerosis = ‘centro’mere antibodies

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7
Q

Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis is associated with which antibody?

A

Anti-Scl-70 antibodies

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8
Q

What condition is being described here?

“An inflammatory disorder causing symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness and characteristic skin lesions”

A

Dermatomyositis

Polymyositis is a variation of this diseases where skin lesions are less characteristic

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9
Q

Treatment of choice for displaced hip fractures?

A

Co-morbid, older, less mobile pt = hemiarthroplasty or Younger, active, mobile pt = total hip replacement

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10
Q

Non-displaced hip fracture tx vs displaced hip fracture tx?

A 
Non-displaced = blood supply intact = internal fixing
Displaced = risk of avascular necrosis = femoral head needs replacing (+/- acetabulum/socket)
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11
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A

Fracture of the distal radius along the metaphysis with NO articular involvement.

Always associated with osteoporosis, and is therefore a fracture of the elderly

Colles’ - Dorsally Displaced Distal radius → Dinner fork Deformity

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12
Q

Bone pain, tenderness and proximal myopathy (→ waddling gait) → ?

A

? Osteomalacia

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13
Q

Malignancy + raised CK = ?

A

? polymyositis

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14
Q

Good test to differentiate between polymyalgia rheumatica and polymyositis?

A

CK. CK is raised in polymyositis but not in PMR

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15
Q

Tenderness over medial joint line of knee + gradual swelling = ?

A

Medial meniscus tear

Differentiate from ACL injury as ACL injury causes rapid swelling due to haemarthrosis

Pain at the joint line = meniscus tear
Pain above or below (where ligaments insert) = ligament tear

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16
Q

What nerve is tested when assessing the ‘regimental badge area’?

What would damage to this nerve cause?

A

Axillary nerve, from C5+6 nerve root

It would cause sensation loss over regimental badge area, and motor weakness in DELTOID and TERES MINOR

17
Q

Most common causative agent for septic arthritis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Septic = gonorrhoea 
Reactive = chlamydia
18
Q

Lupus features: RASH OR PAIN

A

Rash (malar or discoid)
Arthritis (polyarthritis)
Serositis (pleuritis or pericarditis)
Haematological disorders (e.g. cytopenias)

Oral / nasopharyngeal ulcers
Renal disease

Photosensitivity
Anti-nuclear antibodies
Immunological disorder (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-phospholipid)
Neurological (seizures, psychosis)

19
Q

Maintenance tx and tx of flares in SLE?

A

Maintenance = NSAIDs for arthralgia, hydroxychloroquine for joint+skin involvement

Mild flares (no organ damage) = hydroxychloroquine + low-dose steroids

Moderate flares = DMARDs or mycophenolate

Severe flares (life or organ-threatening) = high-dose steroids, mycophenolate, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide

20
Q

Describe the use of ALLOPURINOL, COLCHICINE, and FEBUXOSTAT in gout

A

Colchicine = first line acute management*, particularly if NSAIDs are C/I

Allopurinol = prevention of gout attacks, start 3w after an attack

Febuxostat = second line if allopurinol C/I or not tolerated

  • NSAIDs are an alternative first line medication
21
Q

Interaction between azathioprine + allopurinol?

A

Bone marrow suppression. DO NOT CO-PRESCRIBE.

They are both xanthine oxidase inhibitors

22
Q

Drug-induced lupus causes:

PHIMP

A 
Procainamide
Hydralazine 
Isoniazid
Minocycline
Phenytoin

PH > IMP

23
Q

6 As of ankylosing spondylitis

A 
Apical fibrosis
Anterior uveitis
Aortic regurgitation
Achilles tendonitis
AV node block
Amyloidosis
24
Q

Oral ulcers + genital ulcers + anterior uveitis = ?

A

Behcet’s disease

Finals revision (13 decks)

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