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Assessment 312 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

5 fxns of musculoskeletal system

A
  • support
  • movement
  • protection of internal organs
  • production of red blood cells
  • storage of minerals
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2
Q

what physical parts are you assessing in musculoskeletal system

A
  • bones, joint

- mobility and stability

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3
Q

degenerative joint disease

A

-non inflammatory weight bearing joints effected

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4
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of joint

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5
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic disease

-chronic niflammation leads to erosion and destruction of joints

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6
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass

  • more common after menopause
  • treated with calcium and exercise
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7
Q

hazards for musculoskeletal

A
  • risk for accidental injury
  • smoking
  • sedentary
  • obesity
  • lifting
  • sports
  • repetitive motion activities
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8
Q

functional assessment

A

goal is to determine function as it relates to ADLs

-detect dysfunctions and determine patient needs

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9
Q

objective data to collect from focused assessment of muscles, bones, joints

A
  • symmetry
  • deformity/mass/swelling
  • size/contour of joints
  • strength
  • color of skin and tissue over joints
  • ROM, gait, posture, ease of movement, limitations
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10
Q

vertebrae in spine

A

33 total

  • cervical 7
  • thoracic 12
  • lumbar 5
  • sacral 5
  • coccygeal 3-4
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11
Q

another name for lordosis

A

swayback

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12
Q

how to assess joint

A
  • inspect, palpate, and move

- symmetry, size, contour, movement, color, lesions/nodules, pain

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13
Q

crepitation

A
  • rice crispy snap crackle

- crunching bone on bone

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14
Q

muscles account for ____% of total body weight

A

40-50%

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15
Q

atrophy

A

muscle wasting

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16
Q

hypertrophy

A

increased muscle mass

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17
Q

contracture

A

shortened muscle

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18
Q

fasciculation

A

twitch or involuntary muscle movement

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19
Q

atonic

A

lacking tone/no movement

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20
Q

flaccidity

A

weakness or laxness

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21
Q

spasticity

A

sudden involuntary muscle contractions

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22
Q

how do you grade muscle strength

A

0-5
0=no contraction
5= 100% normal

23
Q

1 muscle grade

A

slight contraction, 10%, trace

24
Q

2 muscle grade

A

able to move joint in a gravity eliminated position 25%,poor

25
Q

3 muscle grade

A

able to move joint against gravity but not resistance 50%, fair

26
Q

4 muscle grade

A

able to move joint with some resistance through ROM, 75% good

27
Q

< then what muscle grade we do ROM on patient

A

<2

28
Q

goniometer

A

measurement instrument for angle of movement

29
Q

active ROM

A

joint movement should be smooth and painless

30
Q

how does active ROM compare to movement against resistance?

A

-less muscle tension and joint compression is seen with Active Rom compare to movement against resistance

31
Q

passive rom

A

move relaxed joint through limits of movement

32
Q

if ROM is limited try to determine if its from:

A
  • excess fluid in joint
  • loose bodies are present
  • joint surface irregularity or contracture of muscle
33
Q

normal gait

A

smooth, rhythmic, effortless, contralateral

34
Q

parkinson’s gait

A
  • pill rolling arm and hand movement
  • persistent tremor
  • shuffling gait taking small steps
35
Q

syndactyly

A

Having fingers or toes that are joined

36
Q

polydactyly

A

extra fingers or toes

37
Q

genu varum

A

bowlegged

38
Q

genu valgum

A

knock knee

39
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

clubfoot

40
Q

gout most common location

A

great toe #1

-ankle, knee, elbow, foot

41
Q

tophi

A

masses of urin crystals in gout

42
Q

late stage rhematoid arthritis hands

A
  • boutonniere deformity of thumb
  • ulnar deviation of metacarpalophangeal joint
  • swan neck deformity of fingers
43
Q

late stage osteoarthritis hands

A

heberden’s nodes

bouchards nodes

44
Q

heberden’s nodes

A

Heberden’s nodes are hard bony lumps in the joints of your fingers. They are typically a symptom of osteoarthritis. The lumps grow on the joint closest to the tip of your finger, called the distal interphalangeal, or DIP joint.
osteoarthritis

45
Q

bouchards nodes

A

Bouchard nodes are bony enlargements of the middle joints of the fingers, also known as proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
xosteoarthritis

46
Q

dislocation

A

one or more bones in a joint being out of position

47
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

48
Q

contracture

A

shortening of a muscle leading to limited range of motion of joint

49
Q

ankylosis

A

stiffness or fixation of a joint

50
Q

age related musculoskeleteal changes

A
  • decrease muscle mass/tone
  • redistribution of fat
  • resoption of bones - deposition
  • decrease bone density
  • postural changes
  • shortening of vertebral column - decrease height
  • osteoarthritic changes in joints
51
Q

MS only

A

-inspection, palpate, assess rom and strength

52
Q

neuro only

A
  • inspect/observe
  • LOC
  • reflexes
53
Q

are reflexes part of every head to toe?

A

no, they are considered for focused and not part of every head to toe

Assessment 312 (7 decks)

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