Musculoskeletal

Question 1

5 fxns of musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

• support
• movement
• protection of internal organs
• production of red blood cells
• storage of minerals

Question 2

what physical parts are you assessing in musculoskeletal system

Answer 2

• bones, joint

- mobility and stability

Question 3

degenerative joint disease

Answer 3

-non inflammatory weight bearing joints effected

Question 4

osteoarthritis

Answer 4

inflammation of joint

Question 5

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

systemic disease

-chronic niflammation leads to erosion and destruction of joints

Question 6

osteoporosis

Answer 6

loss of bone mass

• more common after menopause
• treated with calcium and exercise

Question 7

hazards for musculoskeletal

Answer 7

• risk for accidental injury
• smoking
• sedentary
• obesity
• lifting
• sports
• repetitive motion activities

Question 8

functional assessment

Answer 8

goal is to determine function as it relates to ADLs

-detect dysfunctions and determine patient needs

Question 9

objective data to collect from focused assessment of muscles, bones, joints

Answer 9

• symmetry
• deformity/mass/swelling
• size/contour of joints
• strength
• color of skin and tissue over joints
• ROM, gait, posture, ease of movement, limitations

Question 10

vertebrae in spine

Answer 10

33 total

• cervical 7
• thoracic 12
• lumbar 5
• sacral 5
• coccygeal 3-4

Question 11

another name for lordosis

Answer 11

swayback

Question 12

how to assess joint

Answer 12

• inspect, palpate, and move

- symmetry, size, contour, movement, color, lesions/nodules, pain

Question 13

crepitation

Answer 13

• rice crispy snap crackle

- crunching bone on bone

Question 14

muscles account for ____% of total body weight

Answer 14

40-50%

Question 15

atrophy

Answer 15

muscle wasting

Question 16

hypertrophy

Answer 16

increased muscle mass

Question 17

contracture

Answer 17

shortened muscle

Question 18

fasciculation

Answer 18

twitch or involuntary muscle movement

Question 19

atonic

Answer 19

lacking tone/no movement

Question 20

flaccidity

Answer 20

weakness or laxness

Question 21

spasticity

Answer 21

sudden involuntary muscle contractions

Question 22

how do you grade muscle strength

Answer 22

0-5
0=no contraction
5= 100% normal

Question 23

1 muscle grade

Answer 23

slight contraction, 10%, trace

Question 24

2 muscle grade

Answer 24

able to move joint in a gravity eliminated position 25%,poor

Question 25

3 muscle grade

Answer 25

able to move joint against gravity but not resistance 50%, fair

Question 26

4 muscle grade

Answer 26

able to move joint with some resistance through ROM, 75% good

Question 27

< then what muscle grade we do ROM on patient

Answer 27

<2

Question 28

goniometer

Answer 28

measurement instrument for angle of movement

Question 29

active ROM

Answer 29

joint movement should be smooth and painless

Question 30

how does active ROM compare to movement against resistance?

Answer 30

-less muscle tension and joint compression is seen with Active Rom compare to movement against resistance

Question 31

passive rom

Answer 31

move relaxed joint through limits of movement

Question 32

if ROM is limited try to determine if its from:

Answer 32

- excess fluid in joint - loose bodies are present - joint surface irregularity or contracture of muscle

Question 33

normal gait

Answer 33

smooth, rhythmic, effortless, contralateral

Question 34

parkinson's gait

Answer 34

- pill rolling arm and hand movement - persistent tremor - shuffling gait taking small steps

Question 35

syndactyly

Answer 35

Having fingers or toes that are joined

Question 36

polydactyly

Answer 36

extra fingers or toes

Question 37

genu varum

Answer 37

bowlegged

Question 38

genu valgum

Answer 38

knock knee

Question 39

talipes equinovarus

Answer 39

clubfoot

Question 40

gout most common location

Answer 40

great toe #1 | -ankle, knee, elbow, foot

Question 41

tophi

Answer 41

masses of urin crystals in gout

Question 42

late stage rhematoid arthritis hands

Answer 42

- boutonniere deformity of thumb - ulnar deviation of metacarpalophangeal joint - swan neck deformity of fingers

Question 43

late stage osteoarthritis hands

Answer 43

heberden's nodes | bouchards nodes

Question 44

heberden's nodes

Answer 44

Heberden's nodes are hard bony lumps in the joints of your fingers. They are typically a symptom of osteoarthritis. The lumps grow on the joint closest to the tip of your finger, called the distal interphalangeal, or DIP joint. osteoarthritis

Question 45

bouchards nodes

Answer 45

Bouchard nodes are bony enlargements of the middle joints of the fingers, also known as proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints xosteoarthritis

Question 46

dislocation

Answer 46

one or more bones in a joint being out of position

Question 47

subluxation

Answer 47

partial dislocation of a joint

Question 48

contracture

Answer 48

shortening of a muscle leading to limited range of motion of joint

Question 49

ankylosis

Answer 49

stiffness or fixation of a joint

Question 50

age related musculoskeleteal changes

Answer 50

- decrease muscle mass/tone - redistribution of fat - resoption of bones - deposition - decrease bone density - postural changes - shortening of vertebral column - decrease height - osteoarthritic changes in joints

Question 51

MS only

Answer 51

-inspection, palpate, assess rom and strength

Question 52

neuro only

Answer 52

- inspect/observe - LOC - reflexes

Question 53

are reflexes part of every head to toe?

Answer 53

no, they are considered for focused and not part of every head to toe