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Assessment 312 > 19- VS > Flashcards

19- VS Flashcards

1
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A

sounds heard when deflating a BP cuff

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2
Q

These Korotkoff sounds are initiated by the onset of faint clear tapping sounds of gradually increasing intensity

A

Phase I (systolic 120)

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3
Q

These Korotkoff sounds have a swishing sound

A

Phase 2 ( 110)

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4
Q

There Korotkoff sounds are marked by crispier, more intense , clear tapping

A

Phase 3 (100)

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5
Q

These Korotkoff sounds are characterized by muffled, lowing sounds

A

Phase 4 (90, first diastolic) Often recorded as diastolic in children

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6
Q

What phase of korotkoff sounds is absent of sound?

A

Phase 5 (second diastolic 80) This is the diastolic sound in adults and maybe recorded as diastolic in children

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7
Q

Where is the thermoregulatory center?

A

anterior hypothalamus

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8
Q

Why does the body produce heat?

A

byproduct of chemical reactions within cells

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9
Q

Which body temperature is fairly constant?

A

Core temperature

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10
Q

What is BMR? 1

A

Basal Metabolic Rate ; reflects the amount of energy the body uses

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11
Q

Who has greater variation in Temperature- men or women?

A

women

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12
Q

What age population tends to have lower baseline body temp?

A

Elderly

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13
Q

What age population has unstable body temp?

A

newborns

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14
Q

How can core body temperature be measured?

A

intravascular sites via bladder or esophagus

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15
Q

What is the least accurate place to take temperature?

A

axilla

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16
Q

What locations are generally not recommended for temperature?

A

Temporal Artery, Axilla, Ear

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17
Q

Activation of ______ nervous system slows pulse rate

A

parasymthpathetic

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18
Q

Activation of ______ nervous system increases pulse rate

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

What are triggers for sympathetic nervous system?

A

pain, anxiety, exercise, fever, caffeine, changes in intravascular volume

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20
Q

What affect do diuretics have on pulse?

A

increase pulse rate by decreasing intravascular volume

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21
Q

What affect does atropine have on pulse rate?

A

increase by inhibiting parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q

What affect does metoprolol (beta blocker) have on heart rate?

A

decreased heart rate by blocking action of sympathetic nervous system

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23
Q

Which pulses require bilateral comparison?

A

popliteal, femoral, pedal, posterior tibial

or all but carotid

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24
Q

Which pulse place best represents the quality of pulsation of the aorta?

A

carotid

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25
Q

Normal adult pulse rate?

A

60-100

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26
Q

bradycardia=

A

<60 beats/min

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27
Q

tachycardia=

A

> 100 beats/min

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28
Q

A pulse with no pattern is

A

irregularly irregular

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29
Q

An irregular pulse rhythm that displays a consistent pattern is

A

regularly irregular

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30
Q

Pulse quality refers to the….

A

strength of the pulsation

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31
Q

3 qualities to consider when assessing the pulse

A

rate(pulsations per minute), rhythm (intervals), quality (strength)

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32
Q

When you note an abnormal pulse rhythm you should obtain…

A

an apical pulse rate

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33
Q

What does pulse quality represent? (3)

A
  • stroke volume
  • elasticity of arteries
  • adequacy of blood delivery
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34
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

difference between apical and peripheral pulses

-can feel an apical pulse but cannot feel a peripheral pulse because the stroke volume is weak

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35
Q

What can cause a pulse deficit?

A

when some of the ventricular contractions do not perfuse due to less stroke volume

36
Q

Which is active- inspiration or exhalation?

A

inspiration

37
Q

Which is a passive process- inhalation or exhalation?

A

exhalation

38
Q

Term used to summarize inspiration and exhalation

A

respiration

39
Q

Term used to describe the amount of air moving in and out with each breath

A

tidal volume

40
Q

Normal tidal volume is

A

500mL or 6-8 L / minute

41
Q

What is the normal stimulus to breathe in a healthy person?

A

hypercarbia (increased CO2)

42
Q

What kind of drugs can be used to dilate the airways

A

sympathomimetic

43
Q

Who usually has a larger lung volume- men or women?

A

men

44
Q

Normal RR for infants

A

30-60

45
Q

Normal RR for adult

A

12-20

46
Q

This term refers to normal respiratory rhythm and depth

A

Eupnea

47
Q

When assessing RR which qualities do you assess?

A
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • quality
  • depth
48
Q

Expiration and ____ as long as inspiration

A

twice

49
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

increase RR (>20) and depth of respiration

50
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of increase RR/depth alternative with apnea

51
Q

Biot

A

cyclic breathing pattern alternating b/w shallow breathing and periods of apnea

52
Q

Stridor

A

harsh inspiratory sound like crowing

-may indicate upper airway obstruction

53
Q

What population do you usually see Stridor with?

A

children with croup or after aspiration of foreign object

54
Q

Wheezing and its association

A

continuous high pitched musical sound associated with partial obstruction

55
Q

Rhonchi and its association

A

continuous low pitched snoring sounds associated with partial obstruction

56
Q

Crackles

A

aka Rales

discontinuous popping or clicking sounds heard with pneumonia/pulmonary edema

57
Q

What does sighing aid in? what is it characterized by?

A

expansion of alveoli , deep inspiration/prolonged expiration

58
Q

What is the definition of blood pressure?

A

The force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels

59
Q

What does systolic blood pressure measure?

A

ventricular contraction forcing blood into aorta

60
Q

What does diastolic blood pressure measure?

A

ventricular relaxation due to elastic recoil of vessels

61
Q

What is the mathematical difference between the systole/diastole

A

pulse pressure

62
Q

Mathematical equation for blood pressure

A

Pressure = flow x restistence

63
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each heartbeat

64
Q

What is equation for cardiac output?

A

CO= Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

65
Q

What regulates vascular tone of blood vessel walls?

A

Autonomic Nervous system

66
Q

What are 2 general physiological factors that determine blood pressure?

A

Blood Flow and Resistance (friction)

67
Q 
Normal vitals for Newborn 
Pulse 
RR
Temp
BP
A

70-190 HR
30-60 RR
96-99.5
60-90/20-60

68
Q 
Normal Vitals for Infant 
Pulse 
RR
Temp
BP
A

80-160 HR
30-60 RR
99.4-99.7
74-100/50-70

69
Q

What factors can affect blood pressure?

A

age, autonomic nervous system, circulating volume, medications, normal fluctuations

70
Q

Using a blood pressure cuff to measure BP is direct or indirect measurement?

A

Indirect

71
Q

What is a sphygmomanometer?

A

a blood pressure cuff

72
Q

How much bigger then arm circumference should the width of the BP cuff bladder be? What about length?

A

40% and 80-100%

length twice big as the width of the cuff

73
Q

What is an auscultatory gap?

A

absence of Korotkoff sounds b/w phase I and II

74
Q

What part of the brain controls respirations?

A

Medulla

75
Q

What instrument do you need to measure tidal volume?

A

Spirometer

76
Q

If the patient has a history of cardiovascular problems or taking cardiovascular medications you should take a _____pulse

A

Apical

77
Q

Which part of the stethoscope is for low pitched sounds?

A

the bell

78
Q

Which part of the stethoscope is for high pitched sounds?

A

the diaphragm

79
Q

What do you hear on S1 sound when assessing pulse?

A

tri/bicuspid valves close at the end of the ventricles filling just before systolic contraction

80
Q

What do you hear on the S2 sound?

A

pulmonic and aortic valves closing at the end of systolic contraction

81
Q

When is pulse palpable in relation to S1 and s2

A

Between S1 and S2

82
Q

Which sounds do you usually document for diastolic?

A

5th korotkoff - absence of sounds

83
Q

How is hyperthermia different than fever? (think thermoregulatory system)

A

Hyperthermia results in overload of bodys thermoregulatory mechanism

84
Q

What would these symptoms be a result of?
dry skin that is hot to ouch, muscle cramps, confusion, hallucinations/visual disturbance, tachycardia, hypotension, and excessive thirst

A

Heat stroke

85
Q

Where are the best places to take a core temp?

A

esophagus, tympanic, urinary bladder, pulmonary artery

86
Q

What is a good definition of body temperature?

A

The difference b/w heat produced by and lost from the body

87
Q

Hypothermia is considered a temp below?

A

<95F

Assessment 312 (7 decks)

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