19- VS

Question 1

Korotkoff Sounds

Answer 1

sounds heard when deflating a BP cuff

Question 2

These Korotkoff sounds are initiated by the onset of faint clear tapping sounds of gradually increasing intensity

Answer 2

Phase I (systolic 120)

Question 3

These Korotkoff sounds have a swishing sound

Answer 3

Phase 2 ( 110)

Question 4

There Korotkoff sounds are marked by crispier, more intense , clear tapping

Answer 4

Phase 3 (100)

Question 5

These Korotkoff sounds are characterized by muffled, lowing sounds

Answer 5

Phase 4 (90, first diastolic) Often recorded as diastolic in children

Question 6

What phase of korotkoff sounds is absent of sound?

Answer 6

Phase 5 (second diastolic 80) This is the diastolic sound in adults and maybe recorded as diastolic in children

Question 7

Where is the thermoregulatory center?

Answer 7

anterior hypothalamus

Question 8

Why does the body produce heat?

Answer 8

byproduct of chemical reactions within cells

Question 9

Which body temperature is fairly constant?

Answer 9

Core temperature

Question 10

What is BMR? 1

Answer 10

Basal Metabolic Rate ; reflects the amount of energy the body uses

Question 11

Who has greater variation in Temperature- men or women?

Answer 11

women

Question 12

What age population tends to have lower baseline body temp?

Answer 12

Elderly

Question 13

What age population has unstable body temp?

Answer 13

newborns

Question 14

How can core body temperature be measured?

Answer 14

intravascular sites via bladder or esophagus

Question 15

What is the least accurate place to take temperature?

Answer 15

axilla

Question 16

What locations are generally not recommended for temperature?

Answer 16

Temporal Artery, Axilla, Ear

Question 17

Activation of ______ nervous system slows pulse rate

Answer 17

parasymthpathetic

Question 18

Activation of ______ nervous system increases pulse rate

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

What are triggers for sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 19

pain, anxiety, exercise, fever, caffeine, changes in intravascular volume

Question 20

What affect do diuretics have on pulse?

Answer 20

increase pulse rate by decreasing intravascular volume

Question 21

What affect does atropine have on pulse rate?

Answer 21

increase by inhibiting parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

What affect does metoprolol (beta blocker) have on heart rate?

Answer 22

decreased heart rate by blocking action of sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

Which pulses require bilateral comparison?

Answer 23

popliteal, femoral, pedal, posterior tibial

or all but carotid

Question 24

Which pulse place best represents the quality of pulsation of the aorta?

Answer 24

carotid

Question 25

Normal adult pulse rate?

Answer 25

60-100

Question 26

bradycardia=

Answer 26

<60 beats/min

Question 27

tachycardia=

Answer 27

>100 beats/min

Question 28

A pulse with no pattern is

Answer 28

irregularly irregular

Question 29

An irregular pulse rhythm that displays a consistent pattern is

Answer 29

regularly irregular

Question 30

Pulse quality refers to the....

Answer 30

strength of the pulsation

Question 31

3 qualities to consider when assessing the pulse

Answer 31

rate(pulsations per minute), rhythm (intervals), quality (strength)

Question 32

When you note an abnormal pulse rhythm you should obtain...

Answer 32

an apical pulse rate

Question 33

What does pulse quality represent? (3)

Answer 33

- stroke volume - elasticity of arteries - adequacy of blood delivery

Question 34

What is a pulse deficit?

Answer 34

difference between apical and peripheral pulses | -can feel an apical pulse but cannot feel a peripheral pulse because the stroke volume is weak

Question 35

What can cause a pulse deficit?

Answer 35

when some of the ventricular contractions do not perfuse due to less stroke volume

Question 36

Which is active- inspiration or exhalation?

Answer 36

inspiration

Question 37

Which is a passive process- inhalation or exhalation?

Answer 37

exhalation

Question 38

Term used to summarize inspiration and exhalation

Answer 38

respiration

Question 39

Term used to describe the amount of air moving in and out with each breath

Answer 39

tidal volume

Question 40

Normal tidal volume is

Answer 40

500mL or 6-8 L / minute

Question 41

What is the normal stimulus to breathe in a healthy person?

Answer 41

hypercarbia (increased CO2)

Question 42

What kind of drugs can be used to dilate the airways

Answer 42

sympathomimetic

Question 43

Who usually has a larger lung volume- men or women?

Answer 43

men

Question 44

Normal RR for infants

Answer 44

30-60

Question 45

Normal RR for adult

Answer 45

12-20

Question 46

This term refers to normal respiratory rhythm and depth

Answer 46

Eupnea

Question 47

When assessing RR which qualities do you assess?

Answer 47

- rate - rhythm - quality - depth

Question 48

Expiration and ____ as long as inspiration

Answer 48

twice

Question 49

Kussmaul breathing

Answer 49

increase RR (>20) and depth of respiration

Question 50

Cheyne-stokes

Answer 50

cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of increase RR/depth alternative with apnea

Question 51

Biot

Answer 51

cyclic breathing pattern alternating b/w shallow breathing and periods of apnea

Question 52

Stridor

Answer 52

harsh inspiratory sound like crowing | -may indicate upper airway obstruction

Question 53

What population do you usually see Stridor with?

Answer 53

children with croup or after aspiration of foreign object

Question 54

Wheezing and its association

Answer 54

continuous high pitched musical sound associated with partial obstruction

Question 55

Rhonchi and its association

Answer 55

continuous low pitched snoring sounds associated with partial obstruction

Question 56

Crackles

Answer 56

aka Rales | discontinuous popping or clicking sounds heard with pneumonia/pulmonary edema

Question 57

What does sighing aid in? what is it characterized by?

Answer 57

expansion of alveoli , deep inspiration/prolonged expiration

Question 58

What is the definition of blood pressure?

Answer 58

The force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels

Question 59

What does systolic blood pressure measure?

Answer 59

ventricular contraction forcing blood into aorta

Question 60

What does diastolic blood pressure measure?

Answer 60

ventricular relaxation due to elastic recoil of vessels

Question 61

What is the mathematical difference between the systole/diastole

Answer 61

pulse pressure

Question 62

Mathematical equation for blood pressure

Answer 62

Pressure = flow x restistence

Question 63

What is stroke volume?

Answer 63

amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each heartbeat

Question 64

What is equation for cardiac output?

Answer 64

CO= Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Question 65

What regulates vascular tone of blood vessel walls?

Answer 65

Autonomic Nervous system

Question 66

What are 2 general physiological factors that determine blood pressure?

Answer 66

Blood Flow and Resistance (friction)

Question 67

``` Normal vitals for Newborn Pulse RR Temp BP ```

Answer 67

70-190 HR 30-60 RR 96-99.5 60-90/20-60

Question 68

``` Normal Vitals for Infant Pulse RR Temp BP ```

Answer 68

80-160 HR 30-60 RR 99.4-99.7 74-100/50-70

Question 69

What factors can affect blood pressure?

Answer 69

age, autonomic nervous system, circulating volume, medications, normal fluctuations

Question 70

Using a blood pressure cuff to measure BP is direct or indirect measurement?

Answer 70

Indirect

Question 71

What is a sphygmomanometer?

Answer 71

a blood pressure cuff

Question 72

How much bigger then arm circumference should the width of the BP cuff bladder be? What about length?

Answer 72

40% and 80-100% | length twice big as the width of the cuff

Question 73

What is an auscultatory gap?

Answer 73

absence of Korotkoff sounds b/w phase I and II

Question 74

What part of the brain controls respirations?

Answer 74

Medulla

Question 75

What instrument do you need to measure tidal volume?

Answer 75

Spirometer

Question 76

If the patient has a history of cardiovascular problems or taking cardiovascular medications you should take a _____pulse

Answer 76

Apical

Question 77

Which part of the stethoscope is for low pitched sounds?

Answer 77

the bell

Question 78

Which part of the stethoscope is for high pitched sounds?

Answer 78

the diaphragm

Question 79

What do you hear on S1 sound when assessing pulse?

Answer 79

tri/bicuspid valves close at the end of the ventricles filling just before systolic contraction

Question 80

What do you hear on the S2 sound?

Answer 80

pulmonic and aortic valves closing at the end of systolic contraction

Question 81

When is pulse palpable in relation to S1 and s2

Answer 81

Between S1 and S2

Question 82

Which sounds do you usually document for diastolic?

Answer 82

5th korotkoff - absence of sounds

Question 83

How is hyperthermia different than fever? (think thermoregulatory system)

Answer 83

Hyperthermia results in overload of bodys thermoregulatory mechanism

Question 84

What would these symptoms be a result of? dry skin that is hot to ouch, muscle cramps, confusion, hallucinations/visual disturbance, tachycardia, hypotension, and excessive thirst

Answer 84

Heat stroke

Question 85

Where are the best places to take a core temp?

Answer 85

esophagus, tympanic, urinary bladder, pulmonary artery

Question 86

What is a good definition of body temperature?

Answer 86

The difference b/w heat produced by and lost from the body

Question 87

Hypothermia is considered a temp below?

Answer 87

<95F