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Assessment 312 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What quadrants are Ovaries, fallopian tubes, ureters, and spermadic cords in?

A

left and right lower

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2
Q

spleen quadrant

A

LUQ

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3
Q

Stomach quadrant

A

LUQ

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4
Q

Body of pancreas quadrant

A

LUQ

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5
Q

Kidney quadrants

A

LUQ and RUQ

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6
Q

Splenic flexure of colon quadrant

A

LUQ

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7
Q

Transverse/descending colon quadrant

A

LUQ

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8
Q

Descending/sigmoid colon quadrant

A

LLQ

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9
Q

Cecum quadrant

A

RLQ

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10
Q

Appendix quadrant

A

LLQ

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11
Q

Liver quadrant

A

RUQ

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12
Q

Gallbladder quadrant

A

RUQ

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13
Q

Duodenum quadrant

A

RUQ

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14
Q

hepatic flexure of colon quadrant

A

RUQ

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15
Q

Pancreatic head quadrant

A

RUQ

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16
Q

Ascending/ transverse colon quadrant

A

RUQ

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17
Q

Which body part goes through all 4 quadrants?

A

intestines

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18
Q

Costovertebral angle is a landmark where and for what?

A

Posterior, kidneys

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19
Q

Relevant History for GI assessment

A

weight changes, food allergies/intolerance, diet, chewing/swallowing difficulty, supplements, changes in appetite, vomiting, BM frequency/color/texture, pain , family history

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20
Q

Frank blood in vomit

A
  • bright red
  • indicative of esophageal bleeding
  • urgent
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21
Q

Coffee Grounds in vomit

A
  • indicative of active bleeding

- blood is coagulated so looks like coffee grounds

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22
Q

What does it mean when vomit contains partially digested food?

A

food has not been in stomach long

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23
Q

Constipation = how many days without pooping?

A

> 3

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24
Q

Abdominal pain can be ___ pain

A

referred pain

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25
Q

When doiing GI assessment patient should have…

A
  1. empty bladder
  2. supine/draped appropriately
  3. quiet room
  4. watch the patient’s face
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26
Q

Assessment sequence for GI

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Auscultate
  3. Palpate
  4. Percuss if needed
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27
Q

why auscultate before palpate/percuss?

A

palpating and percussing stimulates bowel movement

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28
Q

Protruberant belly =

A
  • central obesity
  • ascites
  • pregnancy
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29
Q

Scaphoid belly

A

concave

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30
Q

Inspection: where to do it?

A

get eye level with right ride of patient’s belly

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31
Q

what is ascites?

A

collection of fluid in abdoment

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32
Q

How do we test for ascites? 2 trademarks?

A
  1. percussion

2. belly button pushed out

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33
Q

Reasons for distention (5)

A

fat, flatus, feces, fluid, fetus

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34
Q

What are striae typically associated with?

A

pregnancy or rapid weight gain

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35
Q

cullen’s sign

A

internal bleeding manifested by purple around the umbilicus

36
Q

What is a spider hamngioma?

A
  • central real area with spider web out
  • associated with liver disease
  • often times on face
37
Q

IF you see a mass….

A

Don’t palpate it!

38
Q

Visible venous structures are a sign of

A

JVD, portal hypertension

39
Q

Is it normal to feel Aorta in GI assessment?

A

Yes

40
Q

Rippling and GI assessment

A

normal if GI output, abnormal if no GI output

41
Q

Stool assessment criteria

A
  • color
  • frequency
  • consistency
  • odor
  • associated symptoms
42
Q

Higher fat stool is has ____ odor

A

smellier

43
Q

Bight Red stool =

A

bleeding in rectum or rapid/large amount from GI tract

44
Q

Maroon/dark red stool=

A

bleeding in lower parts of intestine

45
Q

Black/not sticky/no odor stool =

A

iron or bismuth containing medications

46
Q

Black tarry/ foul odor stool=

A

bleeding in stomach or upper part of small intesting

47
Q

Melena =

A

black/tarry/fould smelling stool from GI bleed

48
Q

Clay colored stool=

A
  • contains little or no bile

- caused by diseases resulting in obstruction of bile flow to intestines

49
Q

Yellow/greasy/foul smell stool =

A

presence of undigested fat

-caused by pancreatic disease (not enough pancreatic enzymes in intestine)

50
Q

2 general locations of ostomy

A

colostomy (large intestine)

ileostomy (small intestine)

51
Q

small intestine ostomy =

A

ileostomy

52
Q

large intestine ostomy =

A

colostomy

53
Q

what determines type of stool output from ostomy?

A

location of ostomy

54
Q

assessing ostomy consider

A 
colors
turgor
edema/ retraction
size/shape
bleeding
peristomal area
55
Q

when dealing with ostomy use _____technique

A

clean

56
Q

sew intestine backs together after ostomy

A

reanastomosis

57
Q

healthy stoma

A
  • beefy red
  • protruding 1-2 inches
  • peristomal intact
58
Q

When is the ideal time to empty an ostomy bag?

A

1/3 full

59
Q

hematemsis

A

vomiting of blood

60
Q

coffee ground vomit results from

A

precipitation of blood clots in emesis

-emergency situation!

61
Q

critical signs with vomit

A

fecal matter

blood

62
Q

emesis assessment

A 
color
consistency
frequency
associated symptoms
odor
63
Q

when auscultating abdomen start with

A

iliocecal valve and work clockwise using diaphragm

64
Q

how long to listen to each quadrant

A

15-20 seconds

65
Q

NG tube and abdomen assessment

A

turn of NG tube prior

66
Q

How to listen to determine if absent bowel sounds

A

3-5 minutes

67
Q

causes of hypoactive bowel sounds

A

constipation

68
Q

causes of hyperactive bowel sounds

A

early bowel obstruction

increased peristalsis

69
Q

borborygmus

A

stomach growling

70
Q

what else might you hear when auscultating bowel sounds?

A

vascular sound like bruits (whooshing)

71
Q

arterial sounds you can here

A

Abdominal aorta
illiac
femoral

72
Q

What is tympany?

A

percussive sound
hear over abdomen
gas filled

73
Q

what is a dull percussive sound?

A

over organs in the abdominal cavity like liver or spleen

-fluid filled

74
Q

Ascites assessment- shifting dullness

A

ask patient to turn on one side then percuss from tympany to dullness

  • fluid will sink to lowest point
  • 500-1000 ml in belly if have shifting fluid
75
Q

2 assessments for ascites

A
  • shifting dullness

- fluid wave

76
Q

assessing for kidney tenderness

A
  • posterior- find CVA (costovertebral angle)

- flat hand, hit with other hand, tenderness if present

77
Q

when using palpation to assess belly use….

A
  • light touch
  • palmar surface of fingers
  • depress no more then 1cm or 1/2 in
  • watch facial expression
78
Q

normal to have _____ with palpation

A

voluntary or involuntary guarding

79
Q

what is most sensitive indicator of tenderness?

A

patients facial expression

80
Q

tenderness- sign or symptom

A

sign

-discomfort caused or increased by exam

81
Q

pain- sign or symptom

A

symptom

-something patient tells you as part of history

82
Q

what is rebound tenderness?

test for?

A
  • more painful when pressure is released

- test for appendicitis in RLQ

83
Q

meconium

A

thick, black substance that fills the baby’s intestines before birth. For the first few days, when babies pass stool, the meconium is passed out of their body

84
Q

pulsating mass in assessment

A

do NOT palpate!

85
Q

Pain meds and abdominal pain

A

-do NOT administer pain meds (esp narcotics), antispasmodics, anticholingergics, or smooth muscle relaxant to a patient with new onset abdominal pain until a MEDICAL exam is performed

86
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

A pilonidal cyst is an abnormal pocket in the skin that usually contains hair and skin debris. A pilonidal cyst is almost always located near the tailbone at the top of the cleft of the buttocks.

87
Q

abnormal findings

A

fissure
pruritis ani
hemorrhoids
rectal prolapse

Assessment 312 (7 decks)

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