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Assessment 312 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Family and personal history with increase risk for cardiovascular disease

A

-diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

Sxs concerning with cardiovascular assessment

A

dyspnea, cough, edema, numbness or pain in extremities, skin color, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis, palpitations

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3
Q

possible causes of chest pain

A
  • cardiac
  • musculoskeletal
  • pleural
  • GI
  • pulmonary
  • psychoneurotic
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4
Q

Children and chest pain

A

chest pain in children is seldom due to cardiac problem

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5
Q

In assessment of chest pain in adults assume….

A

cardiac until proven otherwise

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6
Q

Valves b/w atrium and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular

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7
Q

Valve b/w left atrium and ventricle

A

mitral or bicuspid valve

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8
Q

Valve b/w right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid

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9
Q

When do atrioventricular valves close?

A

During systole

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10
Q

When do atrioventricular valves open?

A

during diastole

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11
Q

What are the valves between ventricles and rest of body?

A

Semilunar valves

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12
Q

Where is the pulmonic semilunar valve?

A

B/w right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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13
Q

Where is the aortic valve?

A

B/w the left ventricle and the aorta

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14
Q

Heart sound heard doing Systole?

A

s1, AV valves closing

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15
Q

Systole- pumping or filling?

A

pumping

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16
Q

Diastole- pumping or filling?

A

filling

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17
Q

Heart sound heard during diastole?

A

s2, aortic and pulmonic semilunar valves closing

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18
Q

Where is s2 loudest?

A

at base

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19
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A

at the top

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20
Q

Where is s1 loudest?

A

at the apex

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21
Q

Where is apex of heart?

A

at the bottom

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22
Q

s1 - lub or dub?

A

LUB

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23
Q

s2- lub or dub?

A

DUB

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24
Q

What does s1 mark?

A

beginning of systole

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25
Q

What is an s2 split?

A

aortic valve closes before pulmonic valve during inspiration

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26
Q

Tachycardia =

A

Heart rate >100

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27
Q

brachycardia=

A

heart rate <60

28
Q

3 general things done in cardiovascular assessment

A

-inspection, palpation, auscultation

29
Q

Where do you hear aortic valve?

A

-right side of sternum in second intercostal space

30
Q

Where do you hear pulmonic valve?

A

-left side of sternum in second intercostal space

31
Q

Where do you hear tricuspid valve?

A

-left side of sternum, fourth intercostal space

32
Q

Where do you hear mitral valve?

A

-left side of sternum Mid clavicular , 5th intercostal space

33
Q

Angle of louis

A

-manubriosternal angle

34
Q

Position for inspecting heart?

A

semifowlers

35
Q

Point of maximal impulse?

A

Apex , mid clavicular line, 5th intercostal space

36
Q

Erbs point

A

where you can hear s1 and s2 about the same, located in 3rd intercostal space on left sternal border

37
Q

Cardiac rub

A

high pitched, SCRATCHY siund caused by ventricle rubbing against pericardial inflammation

38
Q

Best place to hear a cardiac rub?

A

-lower left sternal border using diaphragm of stethoscope with patient SITTING UP AND LEANING FORWARD while briefly HOLDING BREATH

39
Q

Murmers

A
  • turbulent blood flow thru the heart

- graded 1-6 (higher = worse)

40
Q

Regurgitation murmer

A

mitral valve insufficiency

41
Q

ejection murmer

A

aortic stenosis

42
Q

What do you look for in peripheral vascular assessment?

A

skin temp, color, pulses, capillary, refill, edema

43
Q

2 great vessels of neck

A
  • carotid arteries

- jugular veins

44
Q

Carotid assessment

special thing you can hear?

A
  • palpate for symmetry one at a time

- auscultate for BRUIT (blowing of swishing sound with bell)

45
Q

Jugular Veins

A

-look for distention bilaterally

46
Q

most difficult pulse to find?

A

popliteal

47
Q

where do you find femoral pulse?

A

on imaginary line between superior illiac crest and pubic symphysis

48
Q

Pulse grading

A

0-absent
1+ weak or thready
2+normal
3+bounding

49
Q

normal time for capillary refill

A

2 seconds

50
Q

where are hands when checking capillary refill?

A

at level with heart (not way up or down at side)

51
Q

Assessing for edema

A

-depress medial malleolous for 5 seconds

52
Q

nonpitting edema

A
  • no indention

- yes swelling

53
Q

pitting edema

A
  • yes indention

- yes swelling

54
Q

pitting edema grading

A

1+ - 4+

55
Q

1+ pitting edema

A

disappears rapidly
“slight”
2mm

56
Q

2+ pitting edema

A

10-15 second to dispapear
“increased”
4mm

57
Q

3+ pitting edema

A

1-2 minute to disappear
“obvious edema in extremity” , looks swollen
6mm

58
Q

4+ pitting edema

A

> 2 minute to disappear
“severe” , looks swollen
8mm

59
Q

DVT signs

A
  • unilateral edema
  • pain/aches
  • redness
  • warmth
60
Q

Arterial peripheral disorder

A
  1. occurs after exercise and intermittent claudication
  2. sharp stabbing
  3. worse with activity
  4. lowering feet reduces pain
61
Q

Venous peripheral disorder

A
  1. pain with prolonged sitting or standing
  2. aching, heavy
  3. helped with activity
  4. raising feet and legs help
62
Q

Arterial SKIN disorder

A
  1. cool/cold
  2. hairless
  3. shiny
  4. pallor on elevation
  5. rubor (redness) on dangling
63
Q

Venous skin disorder

A
  1. warm
  2. thickened
  3. mottled
  4. brown pigmented areas
64
Q

Arterial vs venous pulses in disorders

A 
arterial = often absent 
venous = usually present
65
Q

Arterial vs venous edema occurence

A 
arterial = infrequent
venous = frequent
66
Q

Acute Arterial Occlusion

A

6ps

  1. pain
  2. poikilothermia (coldness)
  3. parasthesia
  4. paralysis
  5. pallor
  6. pulselessness

Assessment 312 (7 decks)

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