musculoskeletal Flashcards
consists primarily of collagen and
proteoglycans and provides toughness, resilience, and
smoothness; lends flexible strength to the matrix
organic material
minerals that consists primarily of
a calcium phosphate called hydroxyapatite; gives the
matrix weight bearing strength
inorganic material
consists of a lacy network of bone with many small,
narrow-filled spaces
spongy bone
interconnecting rods and plates of bone
trabeculae
denser and has fewer spaces than the spongy bone;
mostly solid matrix and cells
compact bone
also known as haversian system; consists of a
single central canal, its contents, associated concentric
lamellae, and osteocytes
osteons
receives nutrients and eliminates waste
products through the canal system
osteocytes
osteogenesis; the formation of bone by
osteoblasts
bone ossification
occurs by the deposition of new bone lamellae
onto the existing bone or other connective tissue
bone growth
are the articulating surfaces of two bones united
by fibrous connective tissue
fibrous joints
unite two bones by means of cartilage
cartilaginous joints
are freely movable joints that contain fluid in a
cavity surrounding the ends of articulating bones
synovial joints
are the fibrous joints between the bones of the skulls.
sutures
are fibrous joints in which the bones are
separated by some distance and held together by ligaments
syndesmoses
consists of pegs fitted into sockets and held in
place by ligaments
gomphoses
muscle fasciculi and bundles of muscle fibers are covered by the
connective tissue layer called the
perimysium
myofibril is composed of two major protein fibers
actin and myosin
actin microfilaments consist of a double helix F actin
tropomyosin and troponin
ATP synthesized in aerobic respiration produces energy
for muscle contractions under resting conditions or
during exercises such as long-distance running
aerobic respiration
ATP synthesized in anaerobic respiration provides
energy for a short time during intense exercise
anaerobic respiration
muscle that accomplishes a certain movement such as
flexion
agonist
a muscle that plays a major role in
accomplishing the movement
prime mover
also called the mobile end; attachment of a muscle to
a more movable bone
insertion
is a bending movement that decreases the angles of the joint to bring the articulating bones closer together.
flexion
is a straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint to extend the articulating bones.
extention
movement of the foot toward the shin as when walking on the heels.
dorsiflexion
movement away from the median or midsagittal plane.
abduction
is movement toward the median plane.
adduction
is rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down
pronation
rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces up
supination
is movement of a structure in a inferior direction
depression
is movement of a structure in a superior direction
elevation
is a movement in which a structure glide anteriorly
protraction
the structure glides posteriorly.
retraction
is a movement unique to the thumb and little finger.
opposition
returns the digits to the anatomical position.
reposition
turning the foot so that the plantar surface faces
medially.
inversion
turning the foot so that the plantar surfaces face
laterally.
eversion
is the turning of a structure around its long axis.
rotation
the arms moves so that it traces a cone where the
shoulder joint is at the cone’s apex.
circumduction
