musculoskeletal

Question 1

consists primarily of collagen and
proteoglycans and provides toughness, resilience, and
smoothness; lends flexible strength to the matrix

Answer 1

organic material

Question 2

minerals that consists primarily of
a calcium phosphate called hydroxyapatite; gives the
matrix weight bearing strength

Answer 2

inorganic material

Question 3

consists of a lacy network of bone with many small,

narrow-filled spaces

Answer 3

spongy bone

Question 4

interconnecting rods and plates of bone

Answer 4

trabeculae

Question 5

denser and has fewer spaces than the spongy bone;

mostly solid matrix and cells

Answer 5

compact bone

Question 6

also known as haversian system; consists of a
single central canal, its contents, associated concentric
lamellae, and osteocytes

Answer 6

osteons

Question 7

receives nutrients and eliminates waste

products through the canal system

Answer 7

osteocytes

Question 8

osteogenesis; the formation of bone by

osteoblasts

Answer 8

bone ossification

Question 9

occurs by the deposition of new bone lamellae

onto the existing bone or other connective tissue

Answer 9

bone growth

Question 10

are the articulating surfaces of two bones united

by fibrous connective tissue

Answer 10

fibrous joints

Question 11

unite two bones by means of cartilage

Answer 11

cartilaginous joints

Question 12

are freely movable joints that contain fluid in a

cavity surrounding the ends of articulating bones

Answer 12

synovial joints

Question 13

are the fibrous joints between the bones of the skulls.

Answer 13

sutures

Question 14

are fibrous joints in which the bones are

separated by some distance and held together by ligaments

Answer 14

syndesmoses

Question 15

consists of pegs fitted into sockets and held in

place by ligaments

Answer 15

gomphoses

Question 16

muscle fasciculi and bundles of muscle fibers are covered by the
connective tissue layer called the

Answer 16

perimysium

Question 17

myofibril is composed of two major protein fibers

Answer 17

actin and myosin

Question 18

actin microfilaments consist of a double helix F actin

Answer 18

tropomyosin and troponin

Question 19

ATP synthesized in aerobic respiration produces energy
for muscle contractions under resting conditions or
during exercises such as long-distance running

Answer 19

aerobic respiration

Question 20

ATP synthesized in anaerobic respiration provides

energy for a short time during intense exercise

Answer 20

anaerobic respiration

Question 21

muscle that accomplishes a certain movement such as

flexion

Answer 21

agonist

Question 22

a muscle that plays a major role in

accomplishing the movement

Answer 22

prime mover

Question 23

also called the mobile end; attachment of a muscle to

a more movable bone

Answer 23

insertion

Question 24

is a bending movement that decreases the angles of the joint to bring the articulating bones closer together.

Answer 24

flexion

Question 25

is a straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint to extend the articulating bones.

Answer 25

extention

Question 26

movement of the foot toward the shin as when walking on the heels.

Answer 26

dorsiflexion

Question 27

movement away from the median or midsagittal plane.

Answer 27

abduction

Question 28

is movement toward the median plane.

Answer 28

adduction

Question 29

is rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down

Answer 29

pronation

Question 30

rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces up

Answer 30

supination

Question 31

is movement of a structure in a inferior direction

Answer 31

depression

Question 32

is movement of a structure in a superior direction

Answer 32

elevation

Question 33

is a movement in which a structure glide anteriorly

Answer 33

protraction

Question 34

the structure glides posteriorly.

Answer 34

retraction

Question 35

is a movement unique to the thumb and little finger.

Answer 35

opposition

Question 36

returns the digits to the anatomical position.

Answer 36

reposition

Question 37

turning the foot so that the plantar surface faces

medially.

Answer 37

inversion

Question 38

turning the foot so that the plantar surfaces face

laterally.

Answer 38

eversion

Question 39

is the turning of a structure around its long axis.

Answer 39

rotation

Question 40

the arms moves so that it traces a cone where the

shoulder joint is at the cone’s apex.

Answer 40

circumduction