cell structure and their function

Question 1

encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside and outside the cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

contains cell’s genetic material

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage; stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

site of protein synthesis

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

produce protein that remain in the cell’s ribosome

Answer 6

free ribosome

Question 7

synthesizes large amounts of for proteins for export from the cell

Answer 7

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

site for lipid synthesis and detoxification of chemicals

Answer 8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

golgi apparatus

Question 10

contain intracellular digestive enzymes

Answer 10

lysosome

Question 11

vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide; active in detoxication

Answer 11

perixosomes

Question 12

major site of ATP synthesis and site of aerobic respiration

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

holds organelles in place and allows the cell to change shape

Answer 13

cytoskeleton

Question 14

tubulin; support the cytoplasm, assist in cell division, and cell motility

Answer 14

microtubules

Question 15

determine the cell shape intermediate filaments

Answer 15

microfilaments

Question 16

provide mechanical support; ex. keratin

Answer 16

intermediate filaments

Question 17

where microtubuleformation occurs

Answer 17

centrosome

Question 18

rod-shaped bodies made up of microtubules

Answer 18

centrioles

Question 19

moves substances over surfaces of certain cells

Answer 19

cilia

Question 20

for motility; propels sperm cells

Answer 20

flagella

Question 21

increase surface area of some cell for absorption

Answer 21

microvilli

Question 22

model of the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

Answer 22

fluid mosaic model

Question 23

substances inside the cell

Answer 23

intracellular

Question 24

substances outside the cell

Answer 24

extracellular

Question 25

an electrical charge difference which is the result of the cell’s regulation of ion movement into and out of the cell

Answer 25

membrane potential

Question 26

this type of junction is impermeable

Answer 26

tight junction

Question 27

this type of junction is anchoring

Answer 27

desmosome

Question 28

this type of junction allow communication

Answer 28

gap junction

Question 29

assembles to form a lipid bilayer

Answer 29

phospholipids

Question 30

a double layer of phospholipid

molecules that has a polar and nonpolar tail

Answer 30

lipid bilayer

Question 31

this layer of phospholipid is hydrophilic

Answer 31

polar

Question 32

this layer of phospholipid is hydrophobic

Answer 32

non-polar

Question 33

major lipid in the plasma membrane and it determines the fluid nature of membrane and limits the movement of phospholipids, providing stability to the plasma membrane

Answer 33

cholesterol

Question 34

cell surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules

Answer 34

marker molecules

Question 35

proteins attached with carbohydrates

Answer 35

glycoproteins

Question 36

lipids attached with carbohydrates

Answer 36

glycolipids

Question 37

allow cells to attach to other cells or to extracellular

molecules

Answer 37

attachment proteins

Question 38

proteins that attach cells to other cells

Answer 38

cadherins

Question 39

proteins that attach cells to extracellular

molecules

Answer 39

integrins

Question 40

uptake of mineral through the plasma membrane by

formation of the vesicle

Answer 40

endocytosis

Question 41

sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein; found in the DNA

Answer 41

genes

Question 42

information of a gene is used in synthesis of a functional gene product

Answer 42

gene expression

Question 43

DNA is present as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus

Answer 43

interphase

Question 44

chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 44

prophase

Question 45

the chromosomes align in the center of the cell

in association with the spindle fibers

Answer 45

metaphase

Question 46

chromatids separate, and each is then referred

to as chromosome

Answer 46

anaphase

Question 47

the chromosomes unravel to

become less distinct chromatin threads

Answer 47

telophase