cell structure and their function Flashcards
encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside and outside the cell
plasma membrane
contains cell’s genetic material
nucleus
responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage; stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape
cytoplasm
fluid portion of the cytoplasm
cytosol
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
produce protein that remain in the cell’s ribosome
free ribosome
synthesizes large amounts of for proteins for export from the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
site for lipid synthesis and detoxification of chemicals
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
contain intracellular digestive enzymes
lysosome
vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide; active in detoxication
perixosomes
major site of ATP synthesis and site of aerobic respiration
mitochondria
holds organelles in place and allows the cell to change shape
cytoskeleton
tubulin; support the cytoplasm, assist in cell division, and cell motility
microtubules
determine the cell shape intermediate filaments
microfilaments
provide mechanical support; ex. keratin
intermediate filaments
where microtubuleformation occurs
centrosome
rod-shaped bodies made up of microtubules
centrioles
moves substances over surfaces of certain cells
cilia
for motility; propels sperm cells
flagella
increase surface area of some cell for absorption
microvilli
model of the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane
fluid mosaic model
substances inside the cell
intracellular
substances outside the cell
extracellular
an electrical charge difference which is the result of the cell’s regulation of ion movement into and out of the cell
membrane potential
this type of junction is impermeable
tight junction
this type of junction is anchoring
desmosome
this type of junction allow communication
gap junction
assembles to form a lipid bilayer
phospholipids
a double layer of phospholipid
molecules that has a polar and nonpolar tail
lipid bilayer
this layer of phospholipid is hydrophilic
polar
this layer of phospholipid is hydrophobic
non-polar
major lipid in the plasma membrane and it determines the fluid nature of membrane and limits the movement of phospholipids, providing stability to the plasma membrane
cholesterol
cell surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules
marker molecules
proteins attached with carbohydrates
glycoproteins
lipids attached with carbohydrates
glycolipids
allow cells to attach to other cells or to extracellular
molecules
attachment proteins
proteins that attach cells to other cells
cadherins
proteins that attach cells to extracellular
molecules
integrins
uptake of mineral through the plasma membrane by
formation of the vesicle
endocytosis
sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein; found in the DNA
genes
information of a gene is used in synthesis of a functional gene product
gene expression
DNA is present as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus
interphase
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
prophase
the chromosomes align in the center of the cell
in association with the spindle fibers
metaphase
chromatids separate, and each is then referred
to as chromosome
anaphase
the chromosomes unravel to
become less distinct chromatin threads
telophase
