Musculo-Skeletal Flashcards
Identify the four classifications of bones?
Long, Short, Flat and Irregular
Identify the role of a flat bone and provide an example?
Protects vital organs (Cranium or Sternum)
Give an example of how the skeleton protects the body’s vital organs?
Cranium protects the brain when heading in Football.
Ribs protect the lungs when being tackled in Rugby.
What joins muscles to bones
Tendons
Identify a long bone in the skeleton and its role?
Femur (Strength and movement)
Identify a short bone in the skeleton and its role?
Carpals and Tarsals (Shock absorption and spreading loads)
Describe and explain the role of cartilage?
A dense, elastic tissue that cushions and connects bones in the skeleton.
What is Periosteum
A tough membrane that surrounds the bone.
Define ossification
Development of cartilage to bone.
State the anatomical name for the knee cap?
Patella
What three bones make up the foot?
Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges
How many bones make up the vertebral column?
33 Bones
Identify the five regions of the vertebral column in the order from neck down?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx
Define a joint?
Where two or more bones meet.
Identify the four types of joint?
Hinge, Ball and Socket, Pivot and Condyloid
State the movement possible at a Hinge joint?
Flexion and Extension (Knee, Elbow or Ankle)
State the movement possible at a Ball and Socket joint?
Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Rotation (Shoulder or Hip)
Define Flexion?
The angle between body parts getting smaller.
Define abduction?
Moving a limb away from the body’s mid-line.
Define Dorsi-flexion?
Pointing the toes upwards.
Give a sporting example of extension?
Extending the leg at the knee when kicking a football.
State the three types of muscle?
Voluntary, Involuntary and Cardiac muscle.
Identify three voluntary muscles?
Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, etc.
What type of muscle is located in the walls of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
Identify the muscle located at the back of the upper leg?
Hamstrings
Identify a pair of antagonistic muscles?
Biceps and Triceps, Hamstrings and Quadriceps or Tibialis anterior and Gastrocnemius
Identify the muscle located at the front of the upper arm?
Biceps
State the anatomical name for the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemius
Define Antagonistic muscles?
Muscles that work together to create movement.
What muscle contracts and what muscle relaxes during flexion at the elbow?
Biceps contract and Triceps relax
What muscle contracts and what muscle relaxes during planter-flexion at the ankle?
Gastrocnemius contracts and the Tibialis anterior relaxes
Identify the two types of muscle fibres?
Fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres
Identify a characteristic of slow twitch muscle fibres?
Darker in colour, contract slowly or can work for a long period of time.
What sporting activities are fast twitch muscle fibres better suited to?
Sprinting, Short distance, (Events that require explosive movements)
Provide a sporting example of someone with slow twitch muscle fibres?
Mo Farah or Bradley Wiggins
